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Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin

BACKGROUND: Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and a key determinant of immunodeficiency in HIV-infected individuals. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the circulation has been implicated as a key factor in HIV infection-related systemic immune activation. We th...

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Autores principales: Bao, Rong, Zhuang, Ke, Liu, Jinbiao, Wu, Jianguo, Li, Jieliang, Wang, Xu, Ho, Wen-Zhe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4053387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24918575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098636
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author Bao, Rong
Zhuang, Ke
Liu, Jinbiao
Wu, Jianguo
Li, Jieliang
Wang, Xu
Ho, Wen-Zhe
author_facet Bao, Rong
Zhuang, Ke
Liu, Jinbiao
Wu, Jianguo
Li, Jieliang
Wang, Xu
Ho, Wen-Zhe
author_sort Bao, Rong
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and a key determinant of immunodeficiency in HIV-infected individuals. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the circulation has been implicated as a key factor in HIV infection-related systemic immune activation. We thus investigate the impact of LPS on systemic immune activation in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques of Chinese origin. METHODS: The animals were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239. The levels of plasma viral load and host inflammatory cytokines in PBMC were measured by real-time RT-PCR. CD4/CD8 ratio and systemic immune activation markers were examined by flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs. White blood cell and neutrophil counts and C Reactive Protein levels were determined using biochemistry analyzer. The plasma levels of LPS were determined by Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate (TAL) test. RESULTS: The animals inoculated with SIVmac239 became infected as evidenced by the increased plasma levels of SIV RNA and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. LPS administration of SIV-infected animals induced a transient increase of plasma SIV RNA and immune activation, which was indicated by the elevated expression of the inflammatory cytokines and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the concept that LPS is a driving factor in systemic immune activation of HIV disease.
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spelling pubmed-40533872014-06-18 Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin Bao, Rong Zhuang, Ke Liu, Jinbiao Wu, Jianguo Li, Jieliang Wang, Xu Ho, Wen-Zhe PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and a key determinant of immunodeficiency in HIV-infected individuals. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the circulation has been implicated as a key factor in HIV infection-related systemic immune activation. We thus investigate the impact of LPS on systemic immune activation in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques of Chinese origin. METHODS: The animals were inoculated intravenously with SIVmac239. The levels of plasma viral load and host inflammatory cytokines in PBMC were measured by real-time RT-PCR. CD4/CD8 ratio and systemic immune activation markers were examined by flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs. White blood cell and neutrophil counts and C Reactive Protein levels were determined using biochemistry analyzer. The plasma levels of LPS were determined by Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate (TAL) test. RESULTS: The animals inoculated with SIVmac239 became infected as evidenced by the increased plasma levels of SIV RNA and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. LPS administration of SIV-infected animals induced a transient increase of plasma SIV RNA and immune activation, which was indicated by the elevated expression of the inflammatory cytokines and CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the concept that LPS is a driving factor in systemic immune activation of HIV disease. Public Library of Science 2014-06-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4053387/ /pubmed/24918575 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098636 Text en © 2014 Bao et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bao, Rong
Zhuang, Ke
Liu, Jinbiao
Wu, Jianguo
Li, Jieliang
Wang, Xu
Ho, Wen-Zhe
Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin
title Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin
title_full Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin
title_fullStr Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin
title_full_unstemmed Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin
title_short Lipopolysaccharide Induces Immune Activation and SIV Replication in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin
title_sort lipopolysaccharide induces immune activation and siv replication in rhesus macaques of chinese origin
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4053387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24918575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098636
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