The Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution on Daily Mortality: A Case-Crossover Study in a Subtropical City, Taipei, Taiwan

This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between PM(2.5) levels and daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan, the largest metropolitan city with a subtropical climate. Daily mortality, air pollution, and weather data for Taipei were obtained for the period from 2006–2008. The relative risk of daily mortality was estimated using a time-stratified case-crossover approach, controlling for weather variables, day of the week, seasonality, and long-term time trends. For the single pollutant model, PM(2.5) showed association with total mortality both on warm (>23 °C) and cool days (<23 °C). There is no indication of an association between PM(2.5) and risk of death due to respiratory diseases both on warm and cool days. PM(2.5) had effects on the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases only on cool days. In the two-pollutant models, PM(2.5) remained effects on the risk of mortality for all cause and cardiovascular disease after the inclusion of SO(2) and O(3) both on warm and cool days. This study provides evidence that short-term exposure to PM(2.5) increased the risk of death for all cause and cardiovascular disease.