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Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai
BACKGROUND: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common diagnosis among children treated in outpatient psychiatric clinics in China, accounting for up to 50% of all patients. OBJECTIVE: Understand changes over time in the characteristics and treatment of children with ADHD see...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Editorial Department of the Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4054563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.005 |
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author | JIANG, Lingxiao LI, Yan ZHANG, Xiyan JIANG, Wenqing YANG, Caohua HAO, Nan HAO, Lili LI, Mengyao LIU, Wenwen ZHANG, Linna DU, Yasong |
author_facet | JIANG, Lingxiao LI, Yan ZHANG, Xiyan JIANG, Wenqing YANG, Caohua HAO, Nan HAO, Lili LI, Mengyao LIU, Wenwen ZHANG, Linna DU, Yasong |
author_sort | JIANG, Lingxiao |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common diagnosis among children treated in outpatient psychiatric clinics in China, accounting for up to 50% of all patients. OBJECTIVE: Understand changes over time in the characteristics and treatment of children with ADHD seen at specialty psychiatric clinics in China. METHODS: For each year from 2000 through 2011, 250 charts of patients who made their initial visit to the Child and Adolescent Psychological Counseling Clinic of the Shanghai Mental Health Center were randomly selected. Among the 3000 selected patients, 998 (33%) had a diagnosis of ADHD. RESULTS: About 80% of the ADHD patients were male and the majority of them fell ill prior to the age of seven. The mean (sd) age at the time of first attendance at the clinic was 10.0 (2.6) years and the mean duration of illness at the time of the initial visit was 2.9 (1.2) years; both of these values decreased significantly over time. About 20% of them were non-residents of Shanghai and about 11% had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses (primarily depression and tic disorder); both of these proportions increased significantly over time. Among the 576 (58%) who visited the clinic more than once, 77% were treated with central nervous system stimulants, but the proportion administered behavioral treatments (either solely on in combination with medications) increased significantly over time. CONCLUSION: ADHD remains the most common diagnosis of children seen in specialty psychiatric clinics in China but the proportion of clinic attendees with ADHD is gradually declining as non-specialty treatment services expand and other diagnoses become more prominent. There are encouraging trends of earlier identification and treatment of ADHD and of increasing use of non-pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, most children with ADHD have been ill for at least two years at the time of the initial diagnosis, so continued research efforts are needed to identify the best ways to speed up the recognition and treatment of this disabling condition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4054563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Editorial Department of the Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40545632014-07-02 Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai JIANG, Lingxiao LI, Yan ZHANG, Xiyan JIANG, Wenqing YANG, Caohua HAO, Nan HAO, Lili LI, Mengyao LIU, Wenwen ZHANG, Linna DU, Yasong Shanghai Arch Psychiatry Original Article BACKGROUND: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common diagnosis among children treated in outpatient psychiatric clinics in China, accounting for up to 50% of all patients. OBJECTIVE: Understand changes over time in the characteristics and treatment of children with ADHD seen at specialty psychiatric clinics in China. METHODS: For each year from 2000 through 2011, 250 charts of patients who made their initial visit to the Child and Adolescent Psychological Counseling Clinic of the Shanghai Mental Health Center were randomly selected. Among the 3000 selected patients, 998 (33%) had a diagnosis of ADHD. RESULTS: About 80% of the ADHD patients were male and the majority of them fell ill prior to the age of seven. The mean (sd) age at the time of first attendance at the clinic was 10.0 (2.6) years and the mean duration of illness at the time of the initial visit was 2.9 (1.2) years; both of these values decreased significantly over time. About 20% of them were non-residents of Shanghai and about 11% had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses (primarily depression and tic disorder); both of these proportions increased significantly over time. Among the 576 (58%) who visited the clinic more than once, 77% were treated with central nervous system stimulants, but the proportion administered behavioral treatments (either solely on in combination with medications) increased significantly over time. CONCLUSION: ADHD remains the most common diagnosis of children seen in specialty psychiatric clinics in China but the proportion of clinic attendees with ADHD is gradually declining as non-specialty treatment services expand and other diagnoses become more prominent. There are encouraging trends of earlier identification and treatment of ADHD and of increasing use of non-pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, most children with ADHD have been ill for at least two years at the time of the initial diagnosis, so continued research efforts are needed to identify the best ways to speed up the recognition and treatment of this disabling condition. Editorial Department of the Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry 2013-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4054563/ /pubmed/24991161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.005 Text en Copyright © 2013 by Editorial Department of the Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Original Article JIANG, Lingxiao LI, Yan ZHANG, Xiyan JIANG, Wenqing YANG, Caohua HAO, Nan HAO, Lili LI, Mengyao LIU, Wenwen ZHANG, Linna DU, Yasong Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai |
title | Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai |
title_full | Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai |
title_fullStr | Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai |
title_full_unstemmed | Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai |
title_short | Twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Shanghai |
title_sort | twelve-year retrospective analysis of outpatients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in shanghai |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4054563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991161 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.005 |
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