Cargando…
Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epirubicin can induce intracellular reactive oxygen species and is widely used to treat unresectable HCC. Progesterone has been found to inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells. This study was designed to tes...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24971383 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567148 |
_version_ | 1782320644796448768 |
---|---|
author | Chang, Wen-Tsan Cheng, Hsiao-Ling Hsieh, Bau-Shan Chiu, Chien-Chih Lee, King-Teh Chang, Kee-Lung |
author_facet | Chang, Wen-Tsan Cheng, Hsiao-Ling Hsieh, Bau-Shan Chiu, Chien-Chih Lee, King-Teh Chang, Kee-Lung |
author_sort | Chang, Wen-Tsan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epirubicin can induce intracellular reactive oxygen species and is widely used to treat unresectable HCC. Progesterone has been found to inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells. This study was designed to test the combined effects of epirubicin and progesterone on human hepatoma cell line, HA22T/VGH. These cells were treated with different concentrations of epirubicin with or without the coaddition of 30 μM progesterone and then analyzed for apoptosis, autophagy, and expressions of apoptotic-related proteins and multidrug-resistant gene. Epirubicin treatment dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HA22T/VGH cells. Addition of 30 μM progesterone, which was inactive alone, augmented the effect of epirubicin on the inhibition of growth of HA22T/VGH cells. Cotreatment with progesterone enhanced epirubicin-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by greater increase in caspase-3 activity and in the ratio of the apoptosis-regulating protein, Bax/Bcl-X(L). The combination also caused a decrease in autophagy and in the expression of multidrug resistance-related protein 1 mRNA compared to epirubicin alone. This study shows the epirubicin/progesterone combination was more effective in increasing apoptosis and inversely decreasing autophagy on HA22T/VGH cells treated with epirubicin alone, suggesting that this combination can potentially be used to treat HCC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4055367 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40553672014-06-26 Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin Chang, Wen-Tsan Cheng, Hsiao-Ling Hsieh, Bau-Shan Chiu, Chien-Chih Lee, King-Teh Chang, Kee-Lung ScientificWorldJournal Research Article Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epirubicin can induce intracellular reactive oxygen species and is widely used to treat unresectable HCC. Progesterone has been found to inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells. This study was designed to test the combined effects of epirubicin and progesterone on human hepatoma cell line, HA22T/VGH. These cells were treated with different concentrations of epirubicin with or without the coaddition of 30 μM progesterone and then analyzed for apoptosis, autophagy, and expressions of apoptotic-related proteins and multidrug-resistant gene. Epirubicin treatment dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HA22T/VGH cells. Addition of 30 μM progesterone, which was inactive alone, augmented the effect of epirubicin on the inhibition of growth of HA22T/VGH cells. Cotreatment with progesterone enhanced epirubicin-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by greater increase in caspase-3 activity and in the ratio of the apoptosis-regulating protein, Bax/Bcl-X(L). The combination also caused a decrease in autophagy and in the expression of multidrug resistance-related protein 1 mRNA compared to epirubicin alone. This study shows the epirubicin/progesterone combination was more effective in increasing apoptosis and inversely decreasing autophagy on HA22T/VGH cells treated with epirubicin alone, suggesting that this combination can potentially be used to treat HCC. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4055367/ /pubmed/24971383 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567148 Text en Copyright © 2014 Wen-Tsan Chang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Chang, Wen-Tsan Cheng, Hsiao-Ling Hsieh, Bau-Shan Chiu, Chien-Chih Lee, King-Teh Chang, Kee-Lung Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin |
title | Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin |
title_full | Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin |
title_fullStr | Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin |
title_full_unstemmed | Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin |
title_short | Progesterone Increases Apoptosis and Inversely Decreases Autophagy in Human Hepatoma HA22T/VGH Cells Treated with Epirubicin |
title_sort | progesterone increases apoptosis and inversely decreases autophagy in human hepatoma ha22t/vgh cells treated with epirubicin |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24971383 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567148 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT changwentsan progesteroneincreasesapoptosisandinverselydecreasesautophagyinhumanhepatomaha22tvghcellstreatedwithepirubicin AT chenghsiaoling progesteroneincreasesapoptosisandinverselydecreasesautophagyinhumanhepatomaha22tvghcellstreatedwithepirubicin AT hsiehbaushan progesteroneincreasesapoptosisandinverselydecreasesautophagyinhumanhepatomaha22tvghcellstreatedwithepirubicin AT chiuchienchih progesteroneincreasesapoptosisandinverselydecreasesautophagyinhumanhepatomaha22tvghcellstreatedwithepirubicin AT leekingteh progesteroneincreasesapoptosisandinverselydecreasesautophagyinhumanhepatomaha22tvghcellstreatedwithepirubicin AT changkeelung progesteroneincreasesapoptosisandinverselydecreasesautophagyinhumanhepatomaha22tvghcellstreatedwithepirubicin |