Conditioning of the abdominal cavity reduces tumor implantation in a laparoscopic mouse model

PURPOSE: The addition of 4 % O(2) and 10 % N(2)O to the CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (PP), together with slight cooling and humidification (conditioning), contributes to reducing adhesions by preventing mesothelial damage. We investigated the effect of peritoneal damage during laparoscopy on tumor implantation. METHODS: In Experiment 1, different tumor cell concentrations were injected into control mice without PP and into mice with 60-min dry CO(2)PP (mesothelial damage). In Experiment 2, tumor cells were injected into control mice (group I) and in mice with mesothelial damage (group II). In groups III to VI, mesothelial damage was decreased by adding humidification, humidification + 10 % N(2)O, humidification + 10 % N(2)O + 4 % O(2), and conditioning, respectively. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, the tumors increased with the number of cells injected and with mesothelial damage in the abdominal cavity (p = 0.018) and abdominal wall (p < 0.0001). Experiment 2 confirmed that 60 min of dry CO(2)PP increased the number of tumors in the abdominal cavity and wall (p = 0.026 and p = 0.003, respectively). The number of tumors was decreased in the abdominal cavity by conditioning (p = 0.030) and in the abdominal wall using humidified CO(2) (p = 0.032) or conditioning (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor implantation was enhanced by peritoneal damage (60 min of dry CO(2)PP and desiccation), but this was prevented by conditioning. If confirmed in humans, conditioning would become important for oncologic surgery.