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Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment
Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and ozone gas, alone or in combination, were effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans; these are microorganisms frequently isolated from teeth with periapical lesions re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4058271/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24982899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592423 |
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author | Noites, Rita Pina-Vaz, Cidália Rocha, Rita Carvalho, Manuel Fontes Gonçalves, Acácio Pina-vaz, Irene |
author_facet | Noites, Rita Pina-Vaz, Cidália Rocha, Rita Carvalho, Manuel Fontes Gonçalves, Acácio Pina-vaz, Irene |
author_sort | Noites, Rita |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and ozone gas, alone or in combination, were effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans; these are microorganisms frequently isolated from teeth with periapical lesions resistant to endodontic treatment. Material and Methods. 220 single root teeth, recently extracted, were inoculated with Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The formulations tested were sodium hypochlorite at 1, 3, and 5% chlorhexidine at 0.2% and 2% and ozone gas applied for different periods of time. The combination of sodium hypochlorite at 5% and chlorhexidine at 2%, with gaseous ozone, were also assessed. For the most active treatments the mechanism of action was assessed through flow cytometry. Results. Sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and gaseous ozone alone were ineffective in completely eliminating the microorganisms. The association of chlorhexidine at 2% followed by ozone gas for 24 seconds promoted the complete elimination of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Flow cytometry shows that ozone and chlorhexidine act differently, which could explain its synergic activity. Conclusions. This new disinfection protocol, combining irrigation with chlorhexidine at 2% and ozone gas for 24 seconds, may be advantageous when treating infected root canals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4058271 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40582712014-06-30 Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment Noites, Rita Pina-Vaz, Cidália Rocha, Rita Carvalho, Manuel Fontes Gonçalves, Acácio Pina-vaz, Irene Biomed Res Int Research Article Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and ozone gas, alone or in combination, were effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans; these are microorganisms frequently isolated from teeth with periapical lesions resistant to endodontic treatment. Material and Methods. 220 single root teeth, recently extracted, were inoculated with Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The formulations tested were sodium hypochlorite at 1, 3, and 5% chlorhexidine at 0.2% and 2% and ozone gas applied for different periods of time. The combination of sodium hypochlorite at 5% and chlorhexidine at 2%, with gaseous ozone, were also assessed. For the most active treatments the mechanism of action was assessed through flow cytometry. Results. Sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and gaseous ozone alone were ineffective in completely eliminating the microorganisms. The association of chlorhexidine at 2% followed by ozone gas for 24 seconds promoted the complete elimination of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Flow cytometry shows that ozone and chlorhexidine act differently, which could explain its synergic activity. Conclusions. This new disinfection protocol, combining irrigation with chlorhexidine at 2% and ozone gas for 24 seconds, may be advantageous when treating infected root canals. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4058271/ /pubmed/24982899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592423 Text en Copyright © 2014 Rita Noites et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Noites, Rita Pina-Vaz, Cidália Rocha, Rita Carvalho, Manuel Fontes Gonçalves, Acácio Pina-vaz, Irene Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment |
title | Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment |
title_full | Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment |
title_fullStr | Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment |
title_short | Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment |
title_sort | synergistic antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine and ozone in endodontic treatment |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4058271/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24982899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592423 |
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