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Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment

Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and ozone gas, alone or in combination, were effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans; these are microorganisms frequently isolated from teeth with periapical lesions re...

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Autores principales: Noites, Rita, Pina-Vaz, Cidália, Rocha, Rita, Carvalho, Manuel Fontes, Gonçalves, Acácio, Pina-vaz, Irene
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4058271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24982899
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592423
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author Noites, Rita
Pina-Vaz, Cidália
Rocha, Rita
Carvalho, Manuel Fontes
Gonçalves, Acácio
Pina-vaz, Irene
author_facet Noites, Rita
Pina-Vaz, Cidália
Rocha, Rita
Carvalho, Manuel Fontes
Gonçalves, Acácio
Pina-vaz, Irene
author_sort Noites, Rita
collection PubMed
description Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and ozone gas, alone or in combination, were effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans; these are microorganisms frequently isolated from teeth with periapical lesions resistant to endodontic treatment. Material and Methods. 220 single root teeth, recently extracted, were inoculated with Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The formulations tested were sodium hypochlorite at 1, 3, and 5% chlorhexidine at 0.2% and 2% and ozone gas applied for different periods of time. The combination of sodium hypochlorite at 5% and chlorhexidine at 2%, with gaseous ozone, were also assessed. For the most active treatments the mechanism of action was assessed through flow cytometry. Results. Sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and gaseous ozone alone were ineffective in completely eliminating the microorganisms. The association of chlorhexidine at 2% followed by ozone gas for 24 seconds promoted the complete elimination of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Flow cytometry shows that ozone and chlorhexidine act differently, which could explain its synergic activity. Conclusions. This new disinfection protocol, combining irrigation with chlorhexidine at 2% and ozone gas for 24 seconds, may be advantageous when treating infected root canals.
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spelling pubmed-40582712014-06-30 Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment Noites, Rita Pina-Vaz, Cidália Rocha, Rita Carvalho, Manuel Fontes Gonçalves, Acácio Pina-vaz, Irene Biomed Res Int Research Article Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine whether irrigation with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and ozone gas, alone or in combination, were effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans; these are microorganisms frequently isolated from teeth with periapical lesions resistant to endodontic treatment. Material and Methods. 220 single root teeth, recently extracted, were inoculated with Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The formulations tested were sodium hypochlorite at 1, 3, and 5% chlorhexidine at 0.2% and 2% and ozone gas applied for different periods of time. The combination of sodium hypochlorite at 5% and chlorhexidine at 2%, with gaseous ozone, were also assessed. For the most active treatments the mechanism of action was assessed through flow cytometry. Results. Sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and gaseous ozone alone were ineffective in completely eliminating the microorganisms. The association of chlorhexidine at 2% followed by ozone gas for 24 seconds promoted the complete elimination of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Flow cytometry shows that ozone and chlorhexidine act differently, which could explain its synergic activity. Conclusions. This new disinfection protocol, combining irrigation with chlorhexidine at 2% and ozone gas for 24 seconds, may be advantageous when treating infected root canals. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4058271/ /pubmed/24982899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592423 Text en Copyright © 2014 Rita Noites et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Noites, Rita
Pina-Vaz, Cidália
Rocha, Rita
Carvalho, Manuel Fontes
Gonçalves, Acácio
Pina-vaz, Irene
Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment
title Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment
title_full Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment
title_fullStr Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment
title_short Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment
title_sort synergistic antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine and ozone in endodontic treatment
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4058271/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24982899
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/592423
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