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Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process
Biodiesel was prepared from Citrullus colocynthis oil (CCO) via a two-step process. The first esterification step was explored in two ionic liquids (ILs) with 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (DSIMHSO(4)) and 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (MSIMHSO(4)). Both IL...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4060741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24987736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/540765 |
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author | Ali Elsheikh, Yasir Hassan Akhtar, Faheem |
author_facet | Ali Elsheikh, Yasir Hassan Akhtar, Faheem |
author_sort | Ali Elsheikh, Yasir |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biodiesel was prepared from Citrullus colocynthis oil (CCO) via a two-step process. The first esterification step was explored in two ionic liquids (ILs) with 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (DSIMHSO(4)) and 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (MSIMHSO(4)). Both ILs appeared to be good candidates to replace hazardous acidic catalyst due to their exceptional properties. However, the two sulfonic chains existing in DSIMHSO(4) were found to increase the acidity to the IL than the single sulfonic chain in MSIMHSO(4). Based on the results, 3.6 wt% of DSIMHSO(4), methanol/CCO molar ratio of 12 : 1, and 150°C offered a final FFA conversion of 95.4% within 105 min. A 98.2% was produced via second KOH-catalyzed step in 1.0%, 6 : 1 molar ratio, 600 rpm, and 60°C for 50 min. This new two-step catalyzed process could solve the corrosion and environmental problems associated with the current acidic catalysts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4060741 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40607412014-07-01 Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process Ali Elsheikh, Yasir Hassan Akhtar, Faheem ScientificWorldJournal Research Article Biodiesel was prepared from Citrullus colocynthis oil (CCO) via a two-step process. The first esterification step was explored in two ionic liquids (ILs) with 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (DSIMHSO(4)) and 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (MSIMHSO(4)). Both ILs appeared to be good candidates to replace hazardous acidic catalyst due to their exceptional properties. However, the two sulfonic chains existing in DSIMHSO(4) were found to increase the acidity to the IL than the single sulfonic chain in MSIMHSO(4). Based on the results, 3.6 wt% of DSIMHSO(4), methanol/CCO molar ratio of 12 : 1, and 150°C offered a final FFA conversion of 95.4% within 105 min. A 98.2% was produced via second KOH-catalyzed step in 1.0%, 6 : 1 molar ratio, 600 rpm, and 60°C for 50 min. This new two-step catalyzed process could solve the corrosion and environmental problems associated with the current acidic catalysts. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4060741/ /pubmed/24987736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/540765 Text en Copyright © 2014 Y. Ali Elsheikh and F. Hassan Akhtar. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ali Elsheikh, Yasir Hassan Akhtar, Faheem Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process |
title | Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process |
title_full | Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process |
title_fullStr | Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process |
title_full_unstemmed | Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process |
title_short | Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Oil: Sulfonic-Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Esterification of a Two-Step Process |
title_sort | biodiesel from citrullus colocynthis oil: sulfonic-ionic liquid-catalyzed esterification of a two-step process |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4060741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24987736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/540765 |
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