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Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats
The diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often results in chronic treatment with psychostimulants such as methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin(®)). With increases in misdiagnosis of ADHD, children may be inappropriately exposed to chronic psychostimulant treatment during development...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24961199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci2030375 |
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author | Pardey, Margery C. Kumar, Natasha N. Goodchild, Ann K. Clemens, Kelly J. Homewood, Judi Cornish, Jennifer L. |
author_facet | Pardey, Margery C. Kumar, Natasha N. Goodchild, Ann K. Clemens, Kelly J. Homewood, Judi Cornish, Jennifer L. |
author_sort | Pardey, Margery C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often results in chronic treatment with psychostimulants such as methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin(®)). With increases in misdiagnosis of ADHD, children may be inappropriately exposed to chronic psychostimulant treatment during development. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic Ritalin treatment on cognitive and neural development in misdiagnosed “normal” (Wistar Kyoto, WKY) rats and in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), a model of ADHD. Adolescent male animals were treated for four weeks with oral Ritalin(®) (2 × 2 mg/kg/day) or distilled water (dH(2)O). The effect of chronic treatment on delayed reinforcement tasks (DRT) and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir) in the prefrontal cortex was assessed. Two weeks following chronic treatment, WKY rats previously exposed to MPH chose the delayed reinforcer significantly less than the dH(2)O treated controls in both the DRT and extinction task. MPH treatment did not significantly alter cognitive performance in the SHR. TH-ir in the infralimbic cortex was significantly altered by age and behavioural experience in WKY and SHR, however this effect was not evident in WKY rats treated with MPH. These results suggest that chronic treatment with MPH throughout adolescence in “normal” WKY rats increased impulsive choice and altered catecholamine development when compared to vehicle controls. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4061802 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40618022014-06-19 Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats Pardey, Margery C. Kumar, Natasha N. Goodchild, Ann K. Clemens, Kelly J. Homewood, Judi Cornish, Jennifer L. Brain Sci Article The diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often results in chronic treatment with psychostimulants such as methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin(®)). With increases in misdiagnosis of ADHD, children may be inappropriately exposed to chronic psychostimulant treatment during development. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic Ritalin treatment on cognitive and neural development in misdiagnosed “normal” (Wistar Kyoto, WKY) rats and in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), a model of ADHD. Adolescent male animals were treated for four weeks with oral Ritalin(®) (2 × 2 mg/kg/day) or distilled water (dH(2)O). The effect of chronic treatment on delayed reinforcement tasks (DRT) and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-ir) in the prefrontal cortex was assessed. Two weeks following chronic treatment, WKY rats previously exposed to MPH chose the delayed reinforcer significantly less than the dH(2)O treated controls in both the DRT and extinction task. MPH treatment did not significantly alter cognitive performance in the SHR. TH-ir in the infralimbic cortex was significantly altered by age and behavioural experience in WKY and SHR, however this effect was not evident in WKY rats treated with MPH. These results suggest that chronic treatment with MPH throughout adolescence in “normal” WKY rats increased impulsive choice and altered catecholamine development when compared to vehicle controls. MDPI 2012-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4061802/ /pubmed/24961199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci2030375 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pardey, Margery C. Kumar, Natasha N. Goodchild, Ann K. Clemens, Kelly J. Homewood, Judi Cornish, Jennifer L. Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats |
title | Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats |
title_full | Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats |
title_fullStr | Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats |
title_short | Long-Term Effects of Chronic Oral Ritalin Administration on Cognitive and Neural Development in Adolescent Wistar Kyoto Rats |
title_sort | long-term effects of chronic oral ritalin administration on cognitive and neural development in adolescent wistar kyoto rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4061802/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24961199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci2030375 |
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