Early Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for 5-Fluorouracil-induced Acute Heart Failure with Cardiogenic Shock

A 50-year-old man with no previous history of cardiovascular disease or risk factors was admitted for syncope and orthopnea. Importantly, he underwent recent chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) until 1 day before his acute presentation. In the emergency room, patient developed asystole and was successfully resuscitated for 2 min. At coronary angiography, no signs of coronary artery disease were detectable, but transthoracic echocardiography showed a severely decreased left-ventricular systolic function. Due to the progressive cardiogenic shock, an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was used as bridge-to-recovery and to avoid the use of sympathomimetics with their known disadvantages. On ECMO support, hemodynamic stabilization was evident and medical heart failure treatment was commenced. Left-ventricular function recovered to normal values within a short period of time. Cardiac complications after chemotherapy with 5-FU are not rare and should be taken into consideration even in acute heart failure with cardiogenic shock. ECMO as the most potent form of acute cardiorespiratory support enables complete relief of cardiac workload and therefore recovery of cardiac function.