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Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing
BACKGROUND: Many human and animal studies have shown the influence of nicotine and caffeine on pain perception and processing. This study aims to investigate whether smoking or caffeine consumption influences trigeminal pain processing. METHODS: Sixty healthy subjects were investigated using simulta...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4068369/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-15-39 |
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author | Holle, Dagny Heber, Anke Naegel, Steffen Diener, Hans-Christoph Katsarava, Zaza Obermann, Mark |
author_facet | Holle, Dagny Heber, Anke Naegel, Steffen Diener, Hans-Christoph Katsarava, Zaza Obermann, Mark |
author_sort | Holle, Dagny |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Many human and animal studies have shown the influence of nicotine and caffeine on pain perception and processing. This study aims to investigate whether smoking or caffeine consumption influences trigeminal pain processing. METHODS: Sixty healthy subjects were investigated using simultaneous recordings of the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and pain related evoked potentials (PREP) following nociceptive electrical stimulation on both sides of the forehead (V1). Thirty subjects were investigated before and after smoking a cigarette, as well as before and after taking a tablet of 400 mg caffeine. RESULTS: After smoking PREP showed decreased N2 and P2 latencies indicating central facilitation at supraspinal (thalamic or cortical) level. PREP amplitudes were not changed. NBR showed a decreased area under the curve (AUC) indicating central inhibition at brainstem level. After caffeine intake no significant changes were observed comparing nBR and PREP results before consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking influences trigeminal pain processing on supraspinal and brainstem level. In the investigated setting, caffeine consumption does not significantly alter trigeminal pain processing. This observation might help in the further understanding of the pathophysiology of pain disorders that are associated with excessive smoking habits such as cluster headache. Previous smoking has to be taken into account when performing electrophysiological studies to avoid bias of study results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4068369 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Springer |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40683692014-07-03 Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing Holle, Dagny Heber, Anke Naegel, Steffen Diener, Hans-Christoph Katsarava, Zaza Obermann, Mark J Headache Pain Research Article BACKGROUND: Many human and animal studies have shown the influence of nicotine and caffeine on pain perception and processing. This study aims to investigate whether smoking or caffeine consumption influences trigeminal pain processing. METHODS: Sixty healthy subjects were investigated using simultaneous recordings of the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) and pain related evoked potentials (PREP) following nociceptive electrical stimulation on both sides of the forehead (V1). Thirty subjects were investigated before and after smoking a cigarette, as well as before and after taking a tablet of 400 mg caffeine. RESULTS: After smoking PREP showed decreased N2 and P2 latencies indicating central facilitation at supraspinal (thalamic or cortical) level. PREP amplitudes were not changed. NBR showed a decreased area under the curve (AUC) indicating central inhibition at brainstem level. After caffeine intake no significant changes were observed comparing nBR and PREP results before consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking influences trigeminal pain processing on supraspinal and brainstem level. In the investigated setting, caffeine consumption does not significantly alter trigeminal pain processing. This observation might help in the further understanding of the pathophysiology of pain disorders that are associated with excessive smoking habits such as cluster headache. Previous smoking has to be taken into account when performing electrophysiological studies to avoid bias of study results. Springer 2014 2014-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4068369/ /pubmed/24928141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-15-39 Text en Copyright © 2014 Holle et al.; licensee Springer. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Holle, Dagny Heber, Anke Naegel, Steffen Diener, Hans-Christoph Katsarava, Zaza Obermann, Mark Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing |
title | Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing |
title_full | Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing |
title_fullStr | Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing |
title_full_unstemmed | Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing |
title_short | Influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing |
title_sort | influences of smoking and caffeine consumption on trigeminal pain processing |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4068369/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928141 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1129-2377-15-39 |
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