Potent Cytotoxic Peptides from the Australian Marine Sponge Pipestela candelabra

Two consecutive prefractionated fractions of the Australian marine sponge extract, Pipestela candelabra, were identified to be selectively active on the human prostate cancer cells (PC3) compared to the human neonatal foreskin fibroblast non-cancer cells (NFF). Twelve secondary metabolites were isolated in which four compounds are new small peptides. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic and chemical analysis. These compounds inhibited selectively the growth of prostate cancer cells with IC(50) values in the picomolar to sub-micromolar range. Structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed.