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Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)

Insect antennae are important mechanosensory and chemosensory organs. Insect appendages, such as antennae, are encased in a cuticular exoskeleton and are thought to bend only between segments or subsegments where the cuticle is thinner, more flexible, or bent into a fold. There is a growing apprecia...

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Autores principales: Loudon, Catherine, Bustamante, Jorge, Kellogg, Derek W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4071997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25018734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00242
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author Loudon, Catherine
Bustamante, Jorge
Kellogg, Derek W.
author_facet Loudon, Catherine
Bustamante, Jorge
Kellogg, Derek W.
author_sort Loudon, Catherine
collection PubMed
description Insect antennae are important mechanosensory and chemosensory organs. Insect appendages, such as antennae, are encased in a cuticular exoskeleton and are thought to bend only between segments or subsegments where the cuticle is thinner, more flexible, or bent into a fold. There is a growing appreciation of the dominating influence of folds in the mechanical behavior of a structure, and the bending of cricket antennae was considered in this context. Antennae will bend or deflect in response to forces, and the resulting bending behavior will affect the sensory input of the antennae. In some cricket antennae, such as in those of Acheta domesticus, there are a large number (>100) of subsegments (flagellomeres) that vary in their length. We evaluated whether these antennae bend only at the joints between flagellomeres, which has always been assumed but not tested. In addition we questioned whether an antenna undergoes a length change as it bends, which would result from some patterns of joint deformation. Measurements using light microscopy and SEM were conducted on both male and female adult crickets (Acheta domesticus) with bending in four different directions: dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral. Bending occurred only at the joints between flagellomeres, and antennae shortened a comparable amount during bending, regardless of sex or bending direction. The cuticular folds separating antennal flagellomeres are not very deep, and therefore as an antenna bends, the convex side (in tension) does not have a lot of slack cuticle to “unfold” and does not lengthen during bending. Simultaneously on the other side of the antenna, on the concave side in compression, there is an increasing overlap in the folded cuticle of the joints during bending. Antennal shortening during bending would prevent stretching of antennal nerves and may promote hemolymph exchange between the antenna and head.
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spelling pubmed-40719972014-07-11 Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.) Loudon, Catherine Bustamante, Jorge Kellogg, Derek W. Front Physiol Physiology Insect antennae are important mechanosensory and chemosensory organs. Insect appendages, such as antennae, are encased in a cuticular exoskeleton and are thought to bend only between segments or subsegments where the cuticle is thinner, more flexible, or bent into a fold. There is a growing appreciation of the dominating influence of folds in the mechanical behavior of a structure, and the bending of cricket antennae was considered in this context. Antennae will bend or deflect in response to forces, and the resulting bending behavior will affect the sensory input of the antennae. In some cricket antennae, such as in those of Acheta domesticus, there are a large number (>100) of subsegments (flagellomeres) that vary in their length. We evaluated whether these antennae bend only at the joints between flagellomeres, which has always been assumed but not tested. In addition we questioned whether an antenna undergoes a length change as it bends, which would result from some patterns of joint deformation. Measurements using light microscopy and SEM were conducted on both male and female adult crickets (Acheta domesticus) with bending in four different directions: dorsal, ventral, medial, and lateral. Bending occurred only at the joints between flagellomeres, and antennae shortened a comparable amount during bending, regardless of sex or bending direction. The cuticular folds separating antennal flagellomeres are not very deep, and therefore as an antenna bends, the convex side (in tension) does not have a lot of slack cuticle to “unfold” and does not lengthen during bending. Simultaneously on the other side of the antenna, on the concave side in compression, there is an increasing overlap in the folded cuticle of the joints during bending. Antennal shortening during bending would prevent stretching of antennal nerves and may promote hemolymph exchange between the antenna and head. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4071997/ /pubmed/25018734 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00242 Text en Copyright © 2014 Loudon, Bustamante and Kellogg. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Loudon, Catherine
Bustamante, Jorge
Kellogg, Derek W.
Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)
title Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)
title_full Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)
title_fullStr Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)
title_full_unstemmed Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)
title_short Cricket antennae shorten when bending (Acheta domesticus L.)
title_sort cricket antennae shorten when bending (acheta domesticus l.)
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4071997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25018734
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00242
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