A Prospective Study of Treatment Patterns and 1-Year Outcome of Asian Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

OBJECTIVE: To study the treatment patterns and visual outcome over one year in Asian patients with choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD-CNV) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). DESIGN: Prospective cohort, non-interventional study. METHODS: 132 treatment-naïve patients who received treatment for AMD-CNV and PCV were included. All patients underwent standardized examination procedures including retinal imaging at baseline and follow-up. AMD-CNV and PCV were defined on fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography at baseline. Patients were treated according to standard of care.We report the visual acuity (VA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements at baseline, month 3 and month 12 The factors influencing month 12 outcomes were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Type of treatment, number of Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, visual outcome over one year. RESULTS: Anti-VEGF monotherapy was the initial treatment in 89.1% of AMD-CNV, but only 15.1% of PCV. The mean number of anti-VEGF injections up to month 12 was 3.97 (4.51 AMD-CNV, 3.43 PCV, p = 0.021). Baseline OCT, month 3 OCT and month 3 VA were significant in determining continuation of treatment after month 3. At month12, mean VA improved from 0.82 (∼20/132) at baseline to 0.68 (∼20/96) at month 12 (mean gain 6.5 ETDRS letters, p = 0.002). 34.2% of eyes (38/113 eyes) gained ≥15 ETDRS letters and 14.4% (16/113 eyes) lost ≥15 ETDRS letters. There were no significant differences in visual outcome between AMD-CNV and PCV (p = 0.51). Factors predictive of month 12 visual outcome were baseline VA, baseline OCT central macular thickness, month 3 VA and age. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant variation in treatment patterns in Asian eyes with exudative maculopathy. There is significant visual improvement in all treatment groups at one year. These data highlight the need for high quality clinical trial data to provide evidence-based management of Asian AMD.