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Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness

Auditory cues can create the illusion of self-motion (vection) in the absence of visual or physical stimulation. The present study aimed to determine whether auditory cues alone can also elicit motion sickness and how auditory cues contribute to motion sickness when added to visual motion stimuli. T...

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Autores principales: Keshavarz, Behrang, Hettinger, Lawrence J., Kennedy, Robert S., Campos, Jennifer L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983752
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101016
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author Keshavarz, Behrang
Hettinger, Lawrence J.
Kennedy, Robert S.
Campos, Jennifer L.
author_facet Keshavarz, Behrang
Hettinger, Lawrence J.
Kennedy, Robert S.
Campos, Jennifer L.
author_sort Keshavarz, Behrang
collection PubMed
description Auditory cues can create the illusion of self-motion (vection) in the absence of visual or physical stimulation. The present study aimed to determine whether auditory cues alone can also elicit motion sickness and how auditory cues contribute to motion sickness when added to visual motion stimuli. Twenty participants were seated in front of a curved projection display and were exposed to a virtual scene that constantly rotated around the participant's vertical axis. The virtual scene contained either visual-only, auditory-only, or a combination of corresponding visual and auditory cues. All participants performed all three conditions in a counterbalanced order. Participants tilted their heads alternately towards the right or left shoulder in all conditions during stimulus exposure in order to create pseudo-Coriolis effects and to maximize the likelihood for motion sickness. Measurements of motion sickness (onset, severity), vection (latency, strength, duration), and postural steadiness (center of pressure) were recorded. Results showed that adding auditory cues to the visual stimuli did not, on average, affect motion sickness and postural steadiness, but it did reduce vection onset times and increased vection strength compared to pure visual or pure auditory stimulation. Eighteen of the 20 participants reported at least slight motion sickness in the two conditions including visual stimuli. More interestingly, six participants also reported slight motion sickness during pure auditory stimulation and two of the six participants stopped the pure auditory test session due to motion sickness. The present study is the first to demonstrate that motion sickness may be caused by pure auditory stimulation, which we refer to as “auditorily induced motion sickness”.
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spelling pubmed-40777512014-07-03 Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness Keshavarz, Behrang Hettinger, Lawrence J. Kennedy, Robert S. Campos, Jennifer L. PLoS One Research Article Auditory cues can create the illusion of self-motion (vection) in the absence of visual or physical stimulation. The present study aimed to determine whether auditory cues alone can also elicit motion sickness and how auditory cues contribute to motion sickness when added to visual motion stimuli. Twenty participants were seated in front of a curved projection display and were exposed to a virtual scene that constantly rotated around the participant's vertical axis. The virtual scene contained either visual-only, auditory-only, or a combination of corresponding visual and auditory cues. All participants performed all three conditions in a counterbalanced order. Participants tilted their heads alternately towards the right or left shoulder in all conditions during stimulus exposure in order to create pseudo-Coriolis effects and to maximize the likelihood for motion sickness. Measurements of motion sickness (onset, severity), vection (latency, strength, duration), and postural steadiness (center of pressure) were recorded. Results showed that adding auditory cues to the visual stimuli did not, on average, affect motion sickness and postural steadiness, but it did reduce vection onset times and increased vection strength compared to pure visual or pure auditory stimulation. Eighteen of the 20 participants reported at least slight motion sickness in the two conditions including visual stimuli. More interestingly, six participants also reported slight motion sickness during pure auditory stimulation and two of the six participants stopped the pure auditory test session due to motion sickness. The present study is the first to demonstrate that motion sickness may be caused by pure auditory stimulation, which we refer to as “auditorily induced motion sickness”. Public Library of Science 2014-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4077751/ /pubmed/24983752 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101016 Text en © 2014 Keshavarz et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Keshavarz, Behrang
Hettinger, Lawrence J.
Kennedy, Robert S.
Campos, Jennifer L.
Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness
title Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness
title_full Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness
title_fullStr Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness
title_full_unstemmed Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness
title_short Demonstrating the Potential for Dynamic Auditory Stimulation to Contribute to Motion Sickness
title_sort demonstrating the potential for dynamic auditory stimulation to contribute to motion sickness
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983752
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101016
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