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Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana
Representatives of all major metazoan lineages form biominerals. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this widespread and evolutionarily ancient ability are gradually being revealed for some lineages. However, until a wider range of metazoan biomineralization strategies are understood, the true di...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Landes Bioscience
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077880/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343243 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.27319 |
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author | Jackson, Daniel J Wörheide, Gert |
author_facet | Jackson, Daniel J Wörheide, Gert |
author_sort | Jackson, Daniel J |
collection | PubMed |
description | Representatives of all major metazoan lineages form biominerals. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this widespread and evolutionarily ancient ability are gradually being revealed for some lineages. However, until a wider range of metazoan biomineralization strategies are understood, the true diversity, and therefore the evolutionary origins of this process, will remain unknown. We have previously shown that the coralline demosponge, Astrosclera willeyana, in some way employs its endobiotic bacterial community to form its highly calcified skeleton. Here, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we show that an ortholog of ATG8 (most likely a GABARAPL2/GATE-16 ortholog) is expressed in cells that construct the individual skeletal elements of the sponge. In TEM sections sponge cells can be observed to contain extensive populations of bacteria, and frequently possesses double-membrane structures which we interpret to be autophagosomes. In combination with our previous work, these findings support the hypothesis that the host sponge actively degrades a proportion of its bacterial community using an autophagy pathway, and uses the prokaryotic organic remains as a framework upon which calcification of the sponge skeleton is initiated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4077880 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Landes Bioscience |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40778802014-07-22 Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana Jackson, Daniel J Wörheide, Gert Autophagy Basic Brief Report Representatives of all major metazoan lineages form biominerals. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this widespread and evolutionarily ancient ability are gradually being revealed for some lineages. However, until a wider range of metazoan biomineralization strategies are understood, the true diversity, and therefore the evolutionary origins of this process, will remain unknown. We have previously shown that the coralline demosponge, Astrosclera willeyana, in some way employs its endobiotic bacterial community to form its highly calcified skeleton. Here, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we show that an ortholog of ATG8 (most likely a GABARAPL2/GATE-16 ortholog) is expressed in cells that construct the individual skeletal elements of the sponge. In TEM sections sponge cells can be observed to contain extensive populations of bacteria, and frequently possesses double-membrane structures which we interpret to be autophagosomes. In combination with our previous work, these findings support the hypothesis that the host sponge actively degrades a proportion of its bacterial community using an autophagy pathway, and uses the prokaryotic organic remains as a framework upon which calcification of the sponge skeleton is initiated. Landes Bioscience 2014-03-01 2013-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4077880/ /pubmed/24343243 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.27319 Text en Copyright © 2014 Landes Bioscience http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Basic Brief Report Jackson, Daniel J Wörheide, Gert Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana |
title | Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana |
title_full | Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana |
title_fullStr | Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana |
title_full_unstemmed | Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana |
title_short | Symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” Astrosclera willeyana |
title_sort | symbiophagy and biomineralization in the “living fossil” astrosclera willeyana |
topic | Basic Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077880/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24343243 http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/auto.27319 |
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