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Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments
A comprehensive evaluation of the adverse health effects of human exposures to BTX from service station emissions was carried out using BTX exposure data from the scientific literature. The data was grouped into different scenarios based on activity, location and occupation and plotted as Cumulative...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24945191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110606354 |
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author | Edokpolo, Benjamin Yu, Qiming Jimmy Connell, Des |
author_facet | Edokpolo, Benjamin Yu, Qiming Jimmy Connell, Des |
author_sort | Edokpolo, Benjamin |
collection | PubMed |
description | A comprehensive evaluation of the adverse health effects of human exposures to BTX from service station emissions was carried out using BTX exposure data from the scientific literature. The data was grouped into different scenarios based on activity, location and occupation and plotted as Cumulative Probability Distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) at 50% (C(EXP50)) and 95% (C(EXP95)) exposure levels. HQ(50) and HQ(95) > 1 were obtained with benzene in the scenario for service station attendants and mechanics repairing petrol dispensing pumps indicating a possible health risk. The risk was minimized for service stations using vapour recovery systems which greatly reduced the benzene exposure levels. HQ(50) and HQ(95) < 1 were obtained for all other scenarios with benzene suggesting minimal risk for most of the exposed population. However, HQ(50) and HQ(95) < 1 was also found with toluene and xylene for all scenarios, suggesting minimal health risk. The lifetime excess Cancer Risk (CR) and Overall Risk Probability for cancer on exposure to benzene was calculated for all Scenarios and this was higher amongst service station attendants than any other scenario. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4078583 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40785832014-07-02 Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments Edokpolo, Benjamin Yu, Qiming Jimmy Connell, Des Int J Environ Res Public Health Article A comprehensive evaluation of the adverse health effects of human exposures to BTX from service station emissions was carried out using BTX exposure data from the scientific literature. The data was grouped into different scenarios based on activity, location and occupation and plotted as Cumulative Probability Distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) at 50% (C(EXP50)) and 95% (C(EXP95)) exposure levels. HQ(50) and HQ(95) > 1 were obtained with benzene in the scenario for service station attendants and mechanics repairing petrol dispensing pumps indicating a possible health risk. The risk was minimized for service stations using vapour recovery systems which greatly reduced the benzene exposure levels. HQ(50) and HQ(95) < 1 were obtained for all other scenarios with benzene suggesting minimal risk for most of the exposed population. However, HQ(50) and HQ(95) < 1 was also found with toluene and xylene for all scenarios, suggesting minimal health risk. The lifetime excess Cancer Risk (CR) and Overall Risk Probability for cancer on exposure to benzene was calculated for all Scenarios and this was higher amongst service station attendants than any other scenario. MDPI 2014-06-18 2014-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4078583/ /pubmed/24945191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110606354 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Edokpolo, Benjamin Yu, Qiming Jimmy Connell, Des Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments |
title | Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments |
title_full | Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments |
title_fullStr | Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments |
title_full_unstemmed | Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments |
title_short | Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments |
title_sort | health risk assessment of ambient air concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene (btx) in service station environments |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24945191 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110606354 |
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