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Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Worldwide increases in fluvial fine sediment are a threat to aquatic animal health. Fluvial fine sediment is always a mixture of particles whose mineralogical composition differs depending on the sediment source and catchment area geology. Nonetheless, whether particle impact in aquatic organisms di...

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Autores principales: Michel, Christian, Herzog, Simon, de Capitani, Christian, Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia, Pietsch, Constanze
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991818
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100856
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author Michel, Christian
Herzog, Simon
de Capitani, Christian
Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia
Pietsch, Constanze
author_facet Michel, Christian
Herzog, Simon
de Capitani, Christian
Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia
Pietsch, Constanze
author_sort Michel, Christian
collection PubMed
description Worldwide increases in fluvial fine sediment are a threat to aquatic animal health. Fluvial fine sediment is always a mixture of particles whose mineralogical composition differs depending on the sediment source and catchment area geology. Nonetheless, whether particle impact in aquatic organisms differs between mineral species remains to be investigated. This study applied an in vitro approach to evaluate cytotoxicity and uptake of four common fluvial mineral particles (quartz, feldspar, mica, and kaolin; concentrations: 10, 50, 250 mg L(−1)) in the rainbow trout epithelial gill cell line RTgill-W1. Cells were exposed for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Cytotoxicity assays for cell membrane integrity (propidium iodide assay), oxidative stress (H(2)DCF-DA assay), and metabolic activity (MTT assay) were applied. These assays were complemented with cell counts and transmission electron microscopy. Regardless of mineral species, particles ≤2 µm in diameter were taken up by the cells, suggesting that particles of all mineral species came into contact and interacted with the cells. Not all particles, however, caused strong cytotoxicity: Among all assays the tectosilicates quartz and feldspar caused sporadic maximum changes of 0.8–1.2-fold compared to controls. In contrast, cytotoxicity of the clay particles was distinctly stronger and even differed between the two particle types: mica induced concentration-dependent increases in free radicals, with consistent 1.6–1.8-fold-changes at the 250 mg L(−1) concentration, and a dilated endoplasmic reticulum. Kaolin caused concentration-dependent increases in cell membrane damage, with consistent 1.3–1.6-fold increases at the 250 mg L(−1) concentration. All effects occurred in the presence or absence of 10% fetal bovine serum. Cell numbers per se were marginally affected. Results indicate that (i.) natural mineral particles can be cytotoxic to gill epithelial cells, (ii.) their cytotoxic potential differs between mineral species, with clay particles being more cytotoxic, and (iii.) some clays might induce effects comparable to engineered nanoparticles.
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spelling pubmed-40815062014-07-10 Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro Michel, Christian Herzog, Simon de Capitani, Christian Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia Pietsch, Constanze PLoS One Research Article Worldwide increases in fluvial fine sediment are a threat to aquatic animal health. Fluvial fine sediment is always a mixture of particles whose mineralogical composition differs depending on the sediment source and catchment area geology. Nonetheless, whether particle impact in aquatic organisms differs between mineral species remains to be investigated. This study applied an in vitro approach to evaluate cytotoxicity and uptake of four common fluvial mineral particles (quartz, feldspar, mica, and kaolin; concentrations: 10, 50, 250 mg L(−1)) in the rainbow trout epithelial gill cell line RTgill-W1. Cells were exposed for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Cytotoxicity assays for cell membrane integrity (propidium iodide assay), oxidative stress (H(2)DCF-DA assay), and metabolic activity (MTT assay) were applied. These assays were complemented with cell counts and transmission electron microscopy. Regardless of mineral species, particles ≤2 µm in diameter were taken up by the cells, suggesting that particles of all mineral species came into contact and interacted with the cells. Not all particles, however, caused strong cytotoxicity: Among all assays the tectosilicates quartz and feldspar caused sporadic maximum changes of 0.8–1.2-fold compared to controls. In contrast, cytotoxicity of the clay particles was distinctly stronger and even differed between the two particle types: mica induced concentration-dependent increases in free radicals, with consistent 1.6–1.8-fold-changes at the 250 mg L(−1) concentration, and a dilated endoplasmic reticulum. Kaolin caused concentration-dependent increases in cell membrane damage, with consistent 1.3–1.6-fold increases at the 250 mg L(−1) concentration. All effects occurred in the presence or absence of 10% fetal bovine serum. Cell numbers per se were marginally affected. Results indicate that (i.) natural mineral particles can be cytotoxic to gill epithelial cells, (ii.) their cytotoxic potential differs between mineral species, with clay particles being more cytotoxic, and (iii.) some clays might induce effects comparable to engineered nanoparticles. Public Library of Science 2014-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4081506/ /pubmed/24991818 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100856 Text en © 2014 Michel et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Michel, Christian
Herzog, Simon
de Capitani, Christian
Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia
Pietsch, Constanze
Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro
title Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro
title_full Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro
title_fullStr Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro
title_full_unstemmed Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro
title_short Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro
title_sort natural mineral particles are cytotoxic to rainbow trout gill epithelial cells in vitro
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4081506/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991818
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100856
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