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Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade

C(4) photosynthesis involves a close collaboration of the C(3) and C(4) metabolic cycles across the mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells. This study investigated the coordination of C(4) photosynthesis in maize plants subjected to two salinity (50 and 100mM NaCl) treatments and one shade (20% of full s...

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Autores principales: Sharwood, Robert E., Sonawane, Balasaheb V., Ghannoum, Oula
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24692650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru130
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author Sharwood, Robert E.
Sonawane, Balasaheb V.
Ghannoum, Oula
author_facet Sharwood, Robert E.
Sonawane, Balasaheb V.
Ghannoum, Oula
author_sort Sharwood, Robert E.
collection PubMed
description C(4) photosynthesis involves a close collaboration of the C(3) and C(4) metabolic cycles across the mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells. This study investigated the coordination of C(4) photosynthesis in maize plants subjected to two salinity (50 and 100mM NaCl) treatments and one shade (20% of full sunlight) treatment. Photosynthetic efficiency was probed by combining leaf gas-exchange measurements with carbon isotope discrimination and assaying the key carboxylases [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)] and decarboxylases [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP-CK)] operating in maize leaves. Generally, salinity inhibited plant growth and photosynthesis to a lesser extent than shade. Salinity reduced photosynthesis primarily by reducing stomatal conductance and secondarily by equally reducing Rubisco and PEPC activities; the decarboxylases were inhibited more than the carboxylases. Salinity increased photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination (Δ(p)) and reduced leaf dry-matter carbon isotope composition ((13)δ) due to changes in p (i)/p (a) (intercellular to ambient CO(2) partial pressure), while CO(2) leakiness out of the bundle sheath (ϕ) was similar to that in control plants. Acclimation to shade was underpinned by a greater downregulation of PEPC relative to Rubisco activity, and a lesser inhibition of NADP-ME (primary decarboxylase) relative to PEP-CK (secondary decarboxylase). Shade reduced Δ(p) and ɸ without significantly affecting leaf (13)δ or p (i)/p (a) relative to control plants. Accordingly, shade perturbed the balance between the C(3) and C(4) cycles during photosynthesis in maize, and demonstrated the flexible partitioning of C(4) acid decarboxylation activity between NADP-ME and PEP-CK in response to the environment. This study highlights the need to improve our understanding of the links between leaf (13)δ and photosynthetic Δ(p), and the role of the secondary decarboxylase PEP-CK in NADP-ME plants such as maize.
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spelling pubmed-40859632014-07-10 Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade Sharwood, Robert E. Sonawane, Balasaheb V. Ghannoum, Oula J Exp Bot Research Paper C(4) photosynthesis involves a close collaboration of the C(3) and C(4) metabolic cycles across the mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells. This study investigated the coordination of C(4) photosynthesis in maize plants subjected to two salinity (50 and 100mM NaCl) treatments and one shade (20% of full sunlight) treatment. Photosynthetic efficiency was probed by combining leaf gas-exchange measurements with carbon isotope discrimination and assaying the key carboxylases [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)] and decarboxylases [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP-CK)] operating in maize leaves. Generally, salinity inhibited plant growth and photosynthesis to a lesser extent than shade. Salinity reduced photosynthesis primarily by reducing stomatal conductance and secondarily by equally reducing Rubisco and PEPC activities; the decarboxylases were inhibited more than the carboxylases. Salinity increased photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination (Δ(p)) and reduced leaf dry-matter carbon isotope composition ((13)δ) due to changes in p (i)/p (a) (intercellular to ambient CO(2) partial pressure), while CO(2) leakiness out of the bundle sheath (ϕ) was similar to that in control plants. Acclimation to shade was underpinned by a greater downregulation of PEPC relative to Rubisco activity, and a lesser inhibition of NADP-ME (primary decarboxylase) relative to PEP-CK (secondary decarboxylase). Shade reduced Δ(p) and ɸ without significantly affecting leaf (13)δ or p (i)/p (a) relative to control plants. Accordingly, shade perturbed the balance between the C(3) and C(4) cycles during photosynthesis in maize, and demonstrated the flexible partitioning of C(4) acid decarboxylation activity between NADP-ME and PEP-CK in response to the environment. This study highlights the need to improve our understanding of the links between leaf (13)δ and photosynthetic Δ(p), and the role of the secondary decarboxylase PEP-CK in NADP-ME plants such as maize. Oxford University Press 2014-07 2014-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4085963/ /pubmed/24692650 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru130 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Sharwood, Robert E.
Sonawane, Balasaheb V.
Ghannoum, Oula
Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade
title Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade
title_full Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade
title_fullStr Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade
title_full_unstemmed Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade
title_short Photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade
title_sort photosynthetic flexibility in maize exposed to salinity and shade
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24692650
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru130
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