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The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development

Chloroplasts (plastids) possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Tiller, Nadine, Bock, Ralph
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589494
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu022
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author Tiller, Nadine
Bock, Ralph
author_facet Tiller, Nadine
Bock, Ralph
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description Chloroplasts (plastids) possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco (plastid-encoded components) and Arabidopsis (nucleus-encoded components). This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant development at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway(s). In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology.
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spelling pubmed-40866132014-07-08 The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development Tiller, Nadine Bock, Ralph Mol Plant Review Article Chloroplasts (plastids) possess a genome and their own machinery to express it. Translation in plastids occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes utilizing a set of tRNAs that is entirely encoded in the plastid genome. In recent years, the components of the chloroplast translational apparatus have been intensely studied by proteomic approaches and by reverse genetics in the model systems tobacco (plastid-encoded components) and Arabidopsis (nucleus-encoded components). This work has provided important new insights into the structure, function, and biogenesis of chloroplast ribosomes, and also has shed fresh light on the molecular mechanisms of the translation process in plastids. In addition, mutants affected in plastid translation have yielded strong genetic evidence for chloroplast genes and gene products influencing plant development at various levels, presumably via retrograde signaling pathway(s). In this review, we describe recent progress with the functional analysis of components of the chloroplast translational machinery and discuss the currently available evidence that supports a significant impact of plastid translational activity on plant anatomy and morphology. Oxford University Press 2014-07 2014-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4086613/ /pubmed/24589494 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu022 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Review Article
Tiller, Nadine
Bock, Ralph
The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development
title The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development
title_full The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development
title_fullStr The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development
title_full_unstemmed The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development
title_short The Translational Apparatus of Plastids and Its Role in Plant Development
title_sort translational apparatus of plastids and its role in plant development
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589494
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu022
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