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Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers
OBJECTIVES: Infant formulas provide more protein than breast milk. High protein intakes, as well as maternal obesity, are risk factors for later obesity. The present study tested whether a formula with lower protein content slows weight gain of infants of overweight mothers (body mass index [BMI] &g...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24637965 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000349 |
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author | Inostroza, Jaime Haschke, Ferdinand Steenhout, Philippe Grathwohl, Dominik Nelson, Steven E. Ziegler, Ekhard E. |
author_facet | Inostroza, Jaime Haschke, Ferdinand Steenhout, Philippe Grathwohl, Dominik Nelson, Steven E. Ziegler, Ekhard E. |
author_sort | Inostroza, Jaime |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: Infant formulas provide more protein than breast milk. High protein intakes, as well as maternal obesity, are risk factors for later obesity. The present study tested whether a formula with lower protein content slows weight gain of infants of overweight mothers (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m(2)). METHODS: In a randomized double-blind study infants of overweight mothers received from 3 months an experimental (EXPL) formula with 1.65 g of protein/100 kcal (62.8 kcal/100 mL) and containing probiotics, or a control (CTRL) formula with 2.7 g of protein/100 kcal (65.6 kcal/100 mL). Breast-fed infants were studied concurrently. Primary assessment was between 3 and 6 months, although formulas were fed until 12 months. Biomarkers of protein metabolism (blood urea nitrogen, insulin growth factor-1, insulinogenic amino acids) were measured. RESULTS: Infants fed the low-protein EXPL formula gained less weight between 3 and 6 months (−1.77 g/day, P = 0.024) than infants fed the CTRL formula. In the subgroup of infants of mothers with BMI > 30 kg/m(2) the difference was −4.21 g/day (P = 0.017). Weight (P = 0.011) and BMI (P = 0.027) of EXPL infants remained lower than that of CTRL infants until 2 years but were similar to that of breast-fed infants. Blood urea nitrogen, insulin growth factor-1, and insulinogenic amino acids at 6 months were significantly lower in EXPL compared with CTRL. CONCLUSIONS: A low-protein formula with probiotics slowed weight gain between 3 and 6 months in infants of overweight mothers. Weight gain and biomarkers were more like those of breast-fed infants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4086775 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40867752014-07-09 Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers Inostroza, Jaime Haschke, Ferdinand Steenhout, Philippe Grathwohl, Dominik Nelson, Steven E. Ziegler, Ekhard E. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr Original Articles: Hepatology and Nutrition OBJECTIVES: Infant formulas provide more protein than breast milk. High protein intakes, as well as maternal obesity, are risk factors for later obesity. The present study tested whether a formula with lower protein content slows weight gain of infants of overweight mothers (body mass index [BMI] > 25 kg/m(2)). METHODS: In a randomized double-blind study infants of overweight mothers received from 3 months an experimental (EXPL) formula with 1.65 g of protein/100 kcal (62.8 kcal/100 mL) and containing probiotics, or a control (CTRL) formula with 2.7 g of protein/100 kcal (65.6 kcal/100 mL). Breast-fed infants were studied concurrently. Primary assessment was between 3 and 6 months, although formulas were fed until 12 months. Biomarkers of protein metabolism (blood urea nitrogen, insulin growth factor-1, insulinogenic amino acids) were measured. RESULTS: Infants fed the low-protein EXPL formula gained less weight between 3 and 6 months (−1.77 g/day, P = 0.024) than infants fed the CTRL formula. In the subgroup of infants of mothers with BMI > 30 kg/m(2) the difference was −4.21 g/day (P = 0.017). Weight (P = 0.011) and BMI (P = 0.027) of EXPL infants remained lower than that of CTRL infants until 2 years but were similar to that of breast-fed infants. Blood urea nitrogen, insulin growth factor-1, and insulinogenic amino acids at 6 months were significantly lower in EXPL compared with CTRL. CONCLUSIONS: A low-protein formula with probiotics slowed weight gain between 3 and 6 months in infants of overweight mothers. Weight gain and biomarkers were more like those of breast-fed infants. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2014-07 2014-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4086775/ /pubmed/24637965 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000349 Text en Copyright 2014 by ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0./ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License, where it is permissible to download and share the work, provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles: Hepatology and Nutrition Inostroza, Jaime Haschke, Ferdinand Steenhout, Philippe Grathwohl, Dominik Nelson, Steven E. Ziegler, Ekhard E. Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers |
title | Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers |
title_full | Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers |
title_fullStr | Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers |
title_full_unstemmed | Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers |
title_short | Low-Protein Formula Slows Weight Gain in Infants of Overweight Mothers |
title_sort | low-protein formula slows weight gain in infants of overweight mothers |
topic | Original Articles: Hepatology and Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24637965 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000349 |
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