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Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep
The diagnosis of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs) of sheep and goats, is currently based on the detection of disease-associated prion protein by post mortem tests. Unless a random sample of the sheep or goat population is actively monitored for scrapie, identification of scr...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MyJove Corporation
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24473217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/51101 |
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author | Konold, Timm Phelan, Laura |
author_facet | Konold, Timm Phelan, Laura |
author_sort | Konold, Timm |
collection | PubMed |
description | The diagnosis of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs) of sheep and goats, is currently based on the detection of disease-associated prion protein by post mortem tests. Unless a random sample of the sheep or goat population is actively monitored for scrapie, identification of scrapie cases relies on the reporting of clinical suspects, which is dependent on the individual's familiarization with the disease and ability to recognize clinical signs associated with scrapie. Scrapie may not be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases in small ruminants, particularly in countries with low scrapie prevalence, or not recognized if it presents as nonpruritic form like atypical scrapie. To aid in the identification of clinical suspects, a short examination protocol is presented to assess the display of specific clinical signs associated with pruritic and nonpruritic forms of TSEs in sheep, which could also be applied to goats. This includes assessment of behavior, vision (by testing of the menace response), pruritus (by testing the response to scratching), and movement (with and without blindfolding). This may lead to a more detailed neurologic examination of reporting animals as scrapie suspects. It could also be used in experimental TSE studies of sheep or goats to evaluate disease progression or to identify clinical end-point. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4089440 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MyJove Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40894402014-07-24 Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep Konold, Timm Phelan, Laura J Vis Exp Infectious Diseases The diagnosis of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs) of sheep and goats, is currently based on the detection of disease-associated prion protein by post mortem tests. Unless a random sample of the sheep or goat population is actively monitored for scrapie, identification of scrapie cases relies on the reporting of clinical suspects, which is dependent on the individual's familiarization with the disease and ability to recognize clinical signs associated with scrapie. Scrapie may not be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases in small ruminants, particularly in countries with low scrapie prevalence, or not recognized if it presents as nonpruritic form like atypical scrapie. To aid in the identification of clinical suspects, a short examination protocol is presented to assess the display of specific clinical signs associated with pruritic and nonpruritic forms of TSEs in sheep, which could also be applied to goats. This includes assessment of behavior, vision (by testing of the menace response), pruritus (by testing the response to scratching), and movement (with and without blindfolding). This may lead to a more detailed neurologic examination of reporting animals as scrapie suspects. It could also be used in experimental TSE studies of sheep or goats to evaluate disease progression or to identify clinical end-point. MyJove Corporation 2014-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4089440/ /pubmed/24473217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/51101 Text en Copyright © 2014, Journal of Visualized Experiments http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Infectious Diseases Konold, Timm Phelan, Laura Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep |
title | Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep |
title_full | Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep |
title_fullStr | Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep |
title_full_unstemmed | Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep |
title_short | Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep |
title_sort | clinical examination protocol to detect atypical and classical scrapie in sheep |
topic | Infectious Diseases |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4089440/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24473217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/51101 |
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