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Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output

The objective of this study was to assess changes in corticospinal excitability and spinal output following noninvasive transpinal and transcortical stimulation in humans. The size of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs), induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and recorded from the right p...

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Autor principal: Knikou, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25007330
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102313
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author Knikou, Maria
author_facet Knikou, Maria
author_sort Knikou, Maria
collection PubMed
description The objective of this study was to assess changes in corticospinal excitability and spinal output following noninvasive transpinal and transcortical stimulation in humans. The size of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs), induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and recorded from the right plantar flexor and extensor muscles, was assessed following transcutaneous electric stimulation of the spine (tsESS) over the thoracolumbar region at conditioning-test (C-T) intervals that ranged from negative 50 to positive 50 ms. The size of the transpinal evoked potentials (TEPs), induced by tsESS and recorded from the right and left plantar flexor and extensor muscles, was assessed following TMS over the left primary motor cortex at 0.7 and at 1.1× MEP resting threshold at C-T intervals that ranged from negative 50 to positive 50 ms. The recruitment curves of MEPs and TEPs had a similar shape, and statistically significant differences between the sigmoid function parameters of MEPs and TEPs were not found. Anodal tsESS resulted in early MEP depression followed by long-latency MEP facilitation of both ankle plantar flexors and extensors. TEPs of ankle plantar flexors and extensors were increased regardless TMS intensity level. Subthreshold and suprathreshold TMS induced short-latency TEP facilitation that was larger in the TEPs ipsilateral to TMS. Noninvasive transpinal stimulation affected ipsilateral and contralateral actions of corticospinal neurons, while corticocortical and corticospinal descending volleys increased TEPs in both limbs. Transpinal and transcortical stimulation is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that alters corticospinal excitability and increases motor output of multiple spinal segments in humans.
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spelling pubmed-40901642014-07-14 Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output Knikou, Maria PLoS One Research Article The objective of this study was to assess changes in corticospinal excitability and spinal output following noninvasive transpinal and transcortical stimulation in humans. The size of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs), induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and recorded from the right plantar flexor and extensor muscles, was assessed following transcutaneous electric stimulation of the spine (tsESS) over the thoracolumbar region at conditioning-test (C-T) intervals that ranged from negative 50 to positive 50 ms. The size of the transpinal evoked potentials (TEPs), induced by tsESS and recorded from the right and left plantar flexor and extensor muscles, was assessed following TMS over the left primary motor cortex at 0.7 and at 1.1× MEP resting threshold at C-T intervals that ranged from negative 50 to positive 50 ms. The recruitment curves of MEPs and TEPs had a similar shape, and statistically significant differences between the sigmoid function parameters of MEPs and TEPs were not found. Anodal tsESS resulted in early MEP depression followed by long-latency MEP facilitation of both ankle plantar flexors and extensors. TEPs of ankle plantar flexors and extensors were increased regardless TMS intensity level. Subthreshold and suprathreshold TMS induced short-latency TEP facilitation that was larger in the TEPs ipsilateral to TMS. Noninvasive transpinal stimulation affected ipsilateral and contralateral actions of corticospinal neurons, while corticocortical and corticospinal descending volleys increased TEPs in both limbs. Transpinal and transcortical stimulation is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that alters corticospinal excitability and increases motor output of multiple spinal segments in humans. Public Library of Science 2014-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4090164/ /pubmed/25007330 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102313 Text en © 2014 Maria Knikou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Knikou, Maria
Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output
title Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output
title_full Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output
title_fullStr Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output
title_full_unstemmed Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output
title_short Transpinal and Transcortical Stimulation Alter Corticospinal Excitability and Increase Spinal Output
title_sort transpinal and transcortical stimulation alter corticospinal excitability and increase spinal output
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25007330
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102313
work_keys_str_mv AT knikoumaria transpinalandtranscorticalstimulationaltercorticospinalexcitabilityandincreasespinaloutput