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Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions

The mechanisms by which phytoplankton cope with stressors in the marine environment are neither fully characterized nor understood. As viruses are the most abundant entities in the global ocean and represent a strong top-down regulator of phytoplankton abundance and diversity, we sought to character...

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Autores principales: Ray, Jessica L., Haramaty, Liti, Thyrhaug, Runar, Fredricks, Helen F., Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S., Larsen, Aud, Bidle, Kay D., Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090681/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013242
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu029
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author Ray, Jessica L.
Haramaty, Liti
Thyrhaug, Runar
Fredricks, Helen F.
Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S.
Larsen, Aud
Bidle, Kay D.
Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
author_facet Ray, Jessica L.
Haramaty, Liti
Thyrhaug, Runar
Fredricks, Helen F.
Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S.
Larsen, Aud
Bidle, Kay D.
Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
author_sort Ray, Jessica L.
collection PubMed
description The mechanisms by which phytoplankton cope with stressors in the marine environment are neither fully characterized nor understood. As viruses are the most abundant entities in the global ocean and represent a strong top-down regulator of phytoplankton abundance and diversity, we sought to characterize the cellular response of two marine haptophytes to virus infection in order to gain more knowledge about the nature and diversity of microalgal responses to this chronic biotic stressor. We infected laboratory cultures of the haptophytes Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii with CeV-01B or PpV-01B dsDNA viruses, respectively, and assessed the extent to which host cellular responses resemble programmed cell death (PCD) through the activation of diagnostic molecular and biochemical markers. Pronounced DNA fragmentation and activation of cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) were only detected in virus-infected cultures of these phytoplankton. Inhibition of host caspase activity by addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk did not impair virus production in either host–virus system, differentiating it from the Emiliania huxleyi-Coccolithovirus model of haptophyte–virus interactions. Nonetheless, our findings point to a general conservation of PCD-like activation during virus infection in ecologically diverse haptophytes, with the subtle heterogeneity of cell death biochemical responses possibly exerting differential regulation on phytoplankton abundance and diversity.
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spelling pubmed-40906812014-07-10 Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions Ray, Jessica L. Haramaty, Liti Thyrhaug, Runar Fredricks, Helen F. Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S. Larsen, Aud Bidle, Kay D. Sandaa, Ruth-Anne J Plankton Res Original Articles The mechanisms by which phytoplankton cope with stressors in the marine environment are neither fully characterized nor understood. As viruses are the most abundant entities in the global ocean and represent a strong top-down regulator of phytoplankton abundance and diversity, we sought to characterize the cellular response of two marine haptophytes to virus infection in order to gain more knowledge about the nature and diversity of microalgal responses to this chronic biotic stressor. We infected laboratory cultures of the haptophytes Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii with CeV-01B or PpV-01B dsDNA viruses, respectively, and assessed the extent to which host cellular responses resemble programmed cell death (PCD) through the activation of diagnostic molecular and biochemical markers. Pronounced DNA fragmentation and activation of cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) were only detected in virus-infected cultures of these phytoplankton. Inhibition of host caspase activity by addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk did not impair virus production in either host–virus system, differentiating it from the Emiliania huxleyi-Coccolithovirus model of haptophyte–virus interactions. Nonetheless, our findings point to a general conservation of PCD-like activation during virus infection in ecologically diverse haptophytes, with the subtle heterogeneity of cell death biochemical responses possibly exerting differential regulation on phytoplankton abundance and diversity. Oxford University Press 2014-07 2014-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4090681/ /pubmed/25013242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu029 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Ray, Jessica L.
Haramaty, Liti
Thyrhaug, Runar
Fredricks, Helen F.
Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S.
Larsen, Aud
Bidle, Kay D.
Sandaa, Ruth-Anne
Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions
title Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions
title_full Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions
title_fullStr Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions
title_full_unstemmed Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions
title_short Virus infection of Haptolina ericina and Phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions
title_sort virus infection of haptolina ericina and phaeocystis pouchetii implicates evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death induction in marine haptophyte–virus interactions
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090681/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013242
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu029
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