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The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection
Through the combined action of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes, conjugation of ubiquitin to a target protein acts as a reversible post-translational modification functionally similar to phosphorylation. Indeed, ubiquitination is more and more recognized as a central process for the fine...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4092849/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24805990 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells3020386 |
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author | Calistri, Arianna Munegato, Denis Carli, Ilaria Parolin, Cristina Palù, Giorgio |
author_facet | Calistri, Arianna Munegato, Denis Carli, Ilaria Parolin, Cristina Palù, Giorgio |
author_sort | Calistri, Arianna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Through the combined action of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes, conjugation of ubiquitin to a target protein acts as a reversible post-translational modification functionally similar to phosphorylation. Indeed, ubiquitination is more and more recognized as a central process for the fine regulation of many cellular pathways. Due to their nature as obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on the most conserved host cell machineries for their own replication. Thus, it is not surprising that members from almost every viral family are challenged by ubiquitin mediated mechanisms in different steps of their life cycle and have evolved in order to by-pass or exploit the cellular ubiquitin conjugating system to maximize their chance to establish a successful infection. In this review we will present several examples of the complex interplay that links viruses and the ubiquitin conjugation machinery, with a special focus on the mechanisms evolved by the human immunodeficiency virus to escape from cellular restriction factors and to exit from infected cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4092849 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-40928492014-07-11 The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection Calistri, Arianna Munegato, Denis Carli, Ilaria Parolin, Cristina Palù, Giorgio Cells Review Through the combined action of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes, conjugation of ubiquitin to a target protein acts as a reversible post-translational modification functionally similar to phosphorylation. Indeed, ubiquitination is more and more recognized as a central process for the fine regulation of many cellular pathways. Due to their nature as obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on the most conserved host cell machineries for their own replication. Thus, it is not surprising that members from almost every viral family are challenged by ubiquitin mediated mechanisms in different steps of their life cycle and have evolved in order to by-pass or exploit the cellular ubiquitin conjugating system to maximize their chance to establish a successful infection. In this review we will present several examples of the complex interplay that links viruses and the ubiquitin conjugation machinery, with a special focus on the mechanisms evolved by the human immunodeficiency virus to escape from cellular restriction factors and to exit from infected cells. MDPI 2014-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4092849/ /pubmed/24805990 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells3020386 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Calistri, Arianna Munegato, Denis Carli, Ilaria Parolin, Cristina Palù, Giorgio The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection |
title | The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection |
title_full | The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection |
title_fullStr | The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection |
title_short | The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection |
title_sort | ubiquitin-conjugating system: multiple roles in viral replication and infection |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4092849/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24805990 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells3020386 |
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