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Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins

The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are a family of exotoxins produced by a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. They are known for causing genotoxic stress to the cell, resulting in growth arrest and eventually apoptotic cell death. Nevertheless, there is evidence that CDTs can also perturb th...

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Autores principales: Belibasakis, Georgios N., Bostanci, Nagihan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4092851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24709959
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells3020236
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author Belibasakis, Georgios N.
Bostanci, Nagihan
author_facet Belibasakis, Georgios N.
Bostanci, Nagihan
author_sort Belibasakis, Georgios N.
collection PubMed
description The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are a family of exotoxins produced by a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. They are known for causing genotoxic stress to the cell, resulting in growth arrest and eventually apoptotic cell death. Nevertheless, there is evidence that CDTs can also perturb the innate immune responses, by regulating inflammatory cytokine production and molecular mediators of bone remodeling in various cell types. These cellular and molecular events may in turn have an effect in enhancing local inflammation in diseases where CDT-producing bacteria are involved, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus ducreyi, Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter hepaticus. One special example is the induction of pathological bone destruction in periodontitis. The opportunistic oral pathogen Aggregatibatcer actinoycemetemcomitans, which is involved in the aggressive form of the disease, can regulate the molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling in a manner that favors bone resorption, with the potential involvement of its CDT. The present review provides an overview of all known to-date inflammatory or bone remodeling responses of CDTs produced by various bacterial species, and discusses their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of the associated diseases.
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spelling pubmed-40928512014-07-11 Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins Belibasakis, Georgios N. Bostanci, Nagihan Cells Review The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are a family of exotoxins produced by a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. They are known for causing genotoxic stress to the cell, resulting in growth arrest and eventually apoptotic cell death. Nevertheless, there is evidence that CDTs can also perturb the innate immune responses, by regulating inflammatory cytokine production and molecular mediators of bone remodeling in various cell types. These cellular and molecular events may in turn have an effect in enhancing local inflammation in diseases where CDT-producing bacteria are involved, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus ducreyi, Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter hepaticus. One special example is the induction of pathological bone destruction in periodontitis. The opportunistic oral pathogen Aggregatibatcer actinoycemetemcomitans, which is involved in the aggressive form of the disease, can regulate the molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling in a manner that favors bone resorption, with the potential involvement of its CDT. The present review provides an overview of all known to-date inflammatory or bone remodeling responses of CDTs produced by various bacterial species, and discusses their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of the associated diseases. MDPI 2014-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4092851/ /pubmed/24709959 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells3020236 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Belibasakis, Georgios N.
Bostanci, Nagihan
Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins
title Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins
title_full Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins
title_fullStr Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins
title_short Inflammatory and Bone Remodeling Responses to the Cytolethal Distending Toxins
title_sort inflammatory and bone remodeling responses to the cytolethal distending toxins
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4092851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24709959
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells3020236
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