Estimation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease and after treatment

BACKGROUND: Initial research has shown a negative correlation between the severity of periodontal disease and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). However, there are no enough reports to correlate the TIMP-1 concentrations in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after treatment. Hence, the present study aim is to estimate the levels of TIMP-1 in GCF in periodontal health, disease and to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on TIMP-1 concentrations in GCF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontal examination and collection of GCF by extracrevicular method was performed in 25 subjects selected randomly and categorized into three groups. Group I (Healthy, n = 10), Group II (chronic periodontitis (CP), n = 15) and Group III (After treatment group, n = 15). Scaling and root planning was performed and GCF was collected after 8 weeks of treatment. TIMP-1 levels were estimated in GCF samples by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: TIMPs-1 was detected in all samples. Highest mean TIMP-1 concentrations in GCF were obtained for Group I, whereas the lowest concentrations were seen in Group II. This suggests that TIMP-1 levels in GCF decreases proportionally with the progression of periodontal disease and increases after treatment. CONCLUSION: There is a substantial decrease in the concentrations of TIMP-1 in CP patients than in healthy and after treatment individuals. Since TIMP-1 levels in GCF are negatively correlated with periodontal disease, TIMP-1 may be considered as a biomarker in periodontal disease progression. However, controlled, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this possibility.