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Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque

BACKGROUND: Dental plaque is home to a diverse and complex community of bacteria, but has generally been believed to be inhabited by relatively few viruses. We sampled the saliva and dental plaque from 4 healthy human subjects to determine whether plaque was populated by viral communities, and wheth...

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Autores principales: Naidu, Mayuri, Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio, Abeles, Shira R, Boehm, Tobias K, Pride, David T
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4104742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981669
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-175
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author Naidu, Mayuri
Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio
Abeles, Shira R
Boehm, Tobias K
Pride, David T
author_facet Naidu, Mayuri
Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio
Abeles, Shira R
Boehm, Tobias K
Pride, David T
author_sort Naidu, Mayuri
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Dental plaque is home to a diverse and complex community of bacteria, but has generally been believed to be inhabited by relatively few viruses. We sampled the saliva and dental plaque from 4 healthy human subjects to determine whether plaque was populated by viral communities, and whether there were differences in viral communities specific to subject or sample type. RESULTS: We found that the plaque was inhabited by a community of bacteriophage whose membership was mostly subject-specific. There was a significant proportion of viral homologues shared between plaque and salivary viromes within each subject, suggesting that some oral viruses were present in both sites. We also characterized Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in oral streptococci, as their profiles provide clues to the viruses that oral bacteria may be able to counteract. While there were some CRISPR spacers specific to each sample type, many more were shared across sites and were highly subject specific. Many CRISPR spacers matched viruses present in plaque, suggesting that the evolution of CRISPR loci may have been specific to plaque-derived viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of subject specificity to both plaque-derived viruses and CRISPR profiles suggest that human viral ecology may be highly personalized.
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spelling pubmed-41047422014-07-22 Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque Naidu, Mayuri Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio Abeles, Shira R Boehm, Tobias K Pride, David T BMC Microbiol Research Article BACKGROUND: Dental plaque is home to a diverse and complex community of bacteria, but has generally been believed to be inhabited by relatively few viruses. We sampled the saliva and dental plaque from 4 healthy human subjects to determine whether plaque was populated by viral communities, and whether there were differences in viral communities specific to subject or sample type. RESULTS: We found that the plaque was inhabited by a community of bacteriophage whose membership was mostly subject-specific. There was a significant proportion of viral homologues shared between plaque and salivary viromes within each subject, suggesting that some oral viruses were present in both sites. We also characterized Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in oral streptococci, as their profiles provide clues to the viruses that oral bacteria may be able to counteract. While there were some CRISPR spacers specific to each sample type, many more were shared across sites and were highly subject specific. Many CRISPR spacers matched viruses present in plaque, suggesting that the evolution of CRISPR loci may have been specific to plaque-derived viruses. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of subject specificity to both plaque-derived viruses and CRISPR profiles suggest that human viral ecology may be highly personalized. BioMed Central 2014-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4104742/ /pubmed/24981669 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-175 Text en Copyright © 2014 Naidu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Naidu, Mayuri
Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio
Abeles, Shira R
Boehm, Tobias K
Pride, David T
Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque
title Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque
title_full Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque
title_fullStr Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque
title_short Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque
title_sort characterization of bacteriophage communities and crispr profiles from dental plaque
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4104742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981669
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-175
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