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Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis
BACKGROUND: Biologically plausible mechanisms link traffic-related air pollution to metabolic disorders and potentially to obesity. Here we sought to determine whether traffic density and traffic-related air pollution were positively associated with growth in body mass index (BMI = kg/m(2)) in child...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106205/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-49 |
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author | Jerrett, Michael McConnell, Rob Wolch, Jennifer Chang, Roger Lam, Claudia Dunton, Genevieve Gilliland, Frank Lurmann, Fred Islam, Talat Berhane, Kiros |
author_facet | Jerrett, Michael McConnell, Rob Wolch, Jennifer Chang, Roger Lam, Claudia Dunton, Genevieve Gilliland, Frank Lurmann, Fred Islam, Talat Berhane, Kiros |
author_sort | Jerrett, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Biologically plausible mechanisms link traffic-related air pollution to metabolic disorders and potentially to obesity. Here we sought to determine whether traffic density and traffic-related air pollution were positively associated with growth in body mass index (BMI = kg/m(2)) in children aged 5–11 years. METHODS: Participants were drawn from a prospective cohort of children who lived in 13 communities across Southern California (N = 4550). Children were enrolled while attending kindergarten and first grade and followed for 4 years, with height and weight measured annually. Dispersion models were used to estimate exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Multilevel models were used to estimate and test traffic density and traffic pollution related to BMI growth. Data were collected between 2002–2010 and analyzed in 2011–12. RESULTS: Traffic pollution was positively associated with growth in BMI and was robust to adjustment for many confounders. The effect size in the adjusted model indicated about a 13.6% increase in annual BMI growth when comparing the lowest to the highest tenth percentile of air pollution exposure, which resulted in an increase of nearly 0.4 BMI units on attained BMI at age 10. Traffic density also had a positive association with BMI growth, but this effect was less robust in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: Traffic pollution was positively associated with growth in BMI in children aged 5–11 years. Traffic pollution may be controlled via emission restrictions; changes in land use that promote jobs-housing balance and use of public transit and hence reduce vehicle miles traveled; promotion of zero emissions vehicles; transit and car-sharing programs; or by limiting high pollution traffic, such as diesel trucks, from residential areas or places where children play outdoors, such as schools and parks. These measures may have beneficial effects in terms of reduced obesity formation in children. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4106205 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41062052014-08-04 Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis Jerrett, Michael McConnell, Rob Wolch, Jennifer Chang, Roger Lam, Claudia Dunton, Genevieve Gilliland, Frank Lurmann, Fred Islam, Talat Berhane, Kiros Environ Health Research BACKGROUND: Biologically plausible mechanisms link traffic-related air pollution to metabolic disorders and potentially to obesity. Here we sought to determine whether traffic density and traffic-related air pollution were positively associated with growth in body mass index (BMI = kg/m(2)) in children aged 5–11 years. METHODS: Participants were drawn from a prospective cohort of children who lived in 13 communities across Southern California (N = 4550). Children were enrolled while attending kindergarten and first grade and followed for 4 years, with height and weight measured annually. Dispersion models were used to estimate exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Multilevel models were used to estimate and test traffic density and traffic pollution related to BMI growth. Data were collected between 2002–2010 and analyzed in 2011–12. RESULTS: Traffic pollution was positively associated with growth in BMI and was robust to adjustment for many confounders. The effect size in the adjusted model indicated about a 13.6% increase in annual BMI growth when comparing the lowest to the highest tenth percentile of air pollution exposure, which resulted in an increase of nearly 0.4 BMI units on attained BMI at age 10. Traffic density also had a positive association with BMI growth, but this effect was less robust in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: Traffic pollution was positively associated with growth in BMI in children aged 5–11 years. Traffic pollution may be controlled via emission restrictions; changes in land use that promote jobs-housing balance and use of public transit and hence reduce vehicle miles traveled; promotion of zero emissions vehicles; transit and car-sharing programs; or by limiting high pollution traffic, such as diesel trucks, from residential areas or places where children play outdoors, such as schools and parks. These measures may have beneficial effects in terms of reduced obesity formation in children. BioMed Central 2014-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4106205/ /pubmed/24913018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-49 Text en Copyright © 2014 Jerrett et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Jerrett, Michael McConnell, Rob Wolch, Jennifer Chang, Roger Lam, Claudia Dunton, Genevieve Gilliland, Frank Lurmann, Fred Islam, Talat Berhane, Kiros Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis |
title | Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis |
title_full | Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis |
title_fullStr | Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis |
title_short | Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis |
title_sort | traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106205/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-49 |
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