Insulin therapy and colorectal cancer risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Insulin is widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). More attention was focused on its higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This meta-analysis examined the relationship between levels of insulin use and the risk of CRC. METHODS: A meta-analysis using data from 12 published epidemiologic studies (7 case–control, and 5 cohort studies) published before Jan. 2014 was done to examine the association between insulin use and CRC. Random effects analyses were done to calculate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was measured by the χ(2) and I(2) statistic. RESULTS: Overall, the risk of CRC was significantly associated with insulin use to a random-effects model (RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.25 -2.27). When subgroup analyses were conducted according to the study types, no associations were detected in cohort group (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.95-1.65; I(2), 75.7%); however significant association was detected in case–control group (RR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.41-3.26; I(2), 89.1%). CONCLUSIONS: A significant harmful effect of insulin, observed mainly among case–control studies, may result from study design differences and amount of included studies. Although these results suggest a harmful effect of insulin use for CRC risk, additional large studies are warranted to support these preliminary evidences. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2194715731194123.