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Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Foot orthoses are widely used in the management of flexible pes planus, yet the evidence to support this intervention has not been clearly defined. This systematic review aimed to critically appraise the evidence for the use of foot orthoses for flexible pes planus in adults. METHODS: El...

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Autores principales: Banwell, Helen A, Mackintosh, Shylie, Thewlis, Dominic
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4108129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24708560
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-7-23
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author Banwell, Helen A
Mackintosh, Shylie
Thewlis, Dominic
author_facet Banwell, Helen A
Mackintosh, Shylie
Thewlis, Dominic
author_sort Banwell, Helen A
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Foot orthoses are widely used in the management of flexible pes planus, yet the evidence to support this intervention has not been clearly defined. This systematic review aimed to critically appraise the evidence for the use of foot orthoses for flexible pes planus in adults. METHODS: Electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of science, SportDiscus, Embase) were systematically searched in June 2013 for randomised controlled, controlled clinical and repeated measure trials where participants had identified flexible pes planus using a validated and reliable measure of pes planus and the intervention was a rigid or semi-rigid orthoses with the comparison being a no-orthoses (shoes alone or flat non-posted insert) condition. Outcomes of interest were foot pain, rearfoot kinematics, foot kinetics and physical function. RESULTS: Of the 2,211 articles identified by the searches, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria; two were randomised controlled trials, one was a controlled trial and 10 were repeated measure studies. Across the included studies, 59 relevant outcome measures were reported with 17 calculated as statistically significant large or medium effects observed with use of foot orthoses compared to the no orthoses condition (SMD range 1.13 to -4.11). CONCLUSIONS: No high level evidence supported the use of foot orthoses for flexible pes planus. There is good to moderate level evidence that foot orthoses improve physical function (medial-lateral sway in standing (level II) and energy cost during walking (level III)). There is low level evidence (level IV) that foot orthoses improve pain, reduce rearfoot eversion, alter loading and impact forces; and reduce rearfoot inversion and eversion moments in flexible pes planus. Well-designed randomised controlled trials that include appropriate sample sizes, clinical cohorts and involve a measure of symptom change are required to determine the efficacy of foot orthoses to manage adult flexible pes planus.
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spelling pubmed-41081292014-07-24 Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review Banwell, Helen A Mackintosh, Shylie Thewlis, Dominic J Foot Ankle Res Research BACKGROUND: Foot orthoses are widely used in the management of flexible pes planus, yet the evidence to support this intervention has not been clearly defined. This systematic review aimed to critically appraise the evidence for the use of foot orthoses for flexible pes planus in adults. METHODS: Electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of science, SportDiscus, Embase) were systematically searched in June 2013 for randomised controlled, controlled clinical and repeated measure trials where participants had identified flexible pes planus using a validated and reliable measure of pes planus and the intervention was a rigid or semi-rigid orthoses with the comparison being a no-orthoses (shoes alone or flat non-posted insert) condition. Outcomes of interest were foot pain, rearfoot kinematics, foot kinetics and physical function. RESULTS: Of the 2,211 articles identified by the searches, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria; two were randomised controlled trials, one was a controlled trial and 10 were repeated measure studies. Across the included studies, 59 relevant outcome measures were reported with 17 calculated as statistically significant large or medium effects observed with use of foot orthoses compared to the no orthoses condition (SMD range 1.13 to -4.11). CONCLUSIONS: No high level evidence supported the use of foot orthoses for flexible pes planus. There is good to moderate level evidence that foot orthoses improve physical function (medial-lateral sway in standing (level II) and energy cost during walking (level III)). There is low level evidence (level IV) that foot orthoses improve pain, reduce rearfoot eversion, alter loading and impact forces; and reduce rearfoot inversion and eversion moments in flexible pes planus. Well-designed randomised controlled trials that include appropriate sample sizes, clinical cohorts and involve a measure of symptom change are required to determine the efficacy of foot orthoses to manage adult flexible pes planus. BioMed Central 2014-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4108129/ /pubmed/24708560 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-7-23 Text en Copyright © 2014 Banwell et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Banwell, Helen A
Mackintosh, Shylie
Thewlis, Dominic
Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
title Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
title_full Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
title_fullStr Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
title_short Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
title_sort foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4108129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24708560
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-7-23
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