Large-diameter titanium dioxide nanotube arrays as a scattering layer for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell

Large-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanotube arrays with an outer diameter of approximately 500 nm have been successfully synthesized by potentiostatic anodization at 180 V in a used electrolyte with the addition of 1.5 M lactic acid. It is found that the synthesized large-diameter TiO(2) nanotube array shows a superior light scattering ability, which can be used as a light scattering layer to significantly enhance the efficiency of TiO(2) nanoparticle-based dye-sensitized solar cells from 5.18% to 6.15%. The remarkable light scattering ability makes the large-diameter TiO(2) nanotube array a promising candidate for light management in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).