Cargando…
The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological disorder. Patients with aneurysmal SAH develop secondary complications that are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Aside from secondary neurological injuries, SAH has been associated with nonneurologic medical complications, such...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109109/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/858496 |
_version_ | 1782327835499692032 |
---|---|
author | Chen, Sheng Li, Qian Wu, Haijian Krafft, Paul R. Wang, Zhen Zhang, John H. |
author_facet | Chen, Sheng Li, Qian Wu, Haijian Krafft, Paul R. Wang, Zhen Zhang, John H. |
author_sort | Chen, Sheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological disorder. Patients with aneurysmal SAH develop secondary complications that are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Aside from secondary neurological injuries, SAH has been associated with nonneurologic medical complications, such as neurocardiogenic injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte imbalance, of which cardiac and pulmonary complications are most common. The related mechanisms include activation of the sympathetic nervous system, release of catecholamines and other hormones, and inflammatory responses. Extracerebral complications are directly related to the severity of SAH-induced brain injury and indicate the clinical outcome in patients. This review provides an overview of the extracerebral complications after SAH. We also aim to describe the manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and the effects of those extracerebral complications on outcome following SAH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4109109 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41091092014-08-10 The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs Chen, Sheng Li, Qian Wu, Haijian Krafft, Paul R. Wang, Zhen Zhang, John H. Biomed Res Int Review Article Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological disorder. Patients with aneurysmal SAH develop secondary complications that are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Aside from secondary neurological injuries, SAH has been associated with nonneurologic medical complications, such as neurocardiogenic injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte imbalance, of which cardiac and pulmonary complications are most common. The related mechanisms include activation of the sympathetic nervous system, release of catecholamines and other hormones, and inflammatory responses. Extracerebral complications are directly related to the severity of SAH-induced brain injury and indicate the clinical outcome in patients. This review provides an overview of the extracerebral complications after SAH. We also aim to describe the manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and the effects of those extracerebral complications on outcome following SAH. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4109109/ /pubmed/25110700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/858496 Text en Copyright © 2014 Sheng Chen et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Chen, Sheng Li, Qian Wu, Haijian Krafft, Paul R. Wang, Zhen Zhang, John H. The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs |
title | The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs |
title_full | The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs |
title_fullStr | The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs |
title_full_unstemmed | The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs |
title_short | The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs |
title_sort | harmful effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on extracerebral organs |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109109/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/858496 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT chensheng theharmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT liqian theharmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT wuhaijian theharmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT krafftpaulr theharmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT wangzhen theharmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT zhangjohnh theharmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT chensheng harmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT liqian harmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT wuhaijian harmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT krafftpaulr harmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT wangzhen harmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans AT zhangjohnh harmfuleffectsofsubarachnoidhemorrhageonextracerebralorgans |