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The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological disorder. Patients with aneurysmal SAH develop secondary complications that are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Aside from secondary neurological injuries, SAH has been associated with nonneurologic medical complications, such...

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Autores principales: Chen, Sheng, Li, Qian, Wu, Haijian, Krafft, Paul R., Wang, Zhen, Zhang, John H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110700
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/858496
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author Chen, Sheng
Li, Qian
Wu, Haijian
Krafft, Paul R.
Wang, Zhen
Zhang, John H.
author_facet Chen, Sheng
Li, Qian
Wu, Haijian
Krafft, Paul R.
Wang, Zhen
Zhang, John H.
author_sort Chen, Sheng
collection PubMed
description Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological disorder. Patients with aneurysmal SAH develop secondary complications that are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Aside from secondary neurological injuries, SAH has been associated with nonneurologic medical complications, such as neurocardiogenic injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte imbalance, of which cardiac and pulmonary complications are most common. The related mechanisms include activation of the sympathetic nervous system, release of catecholamines and other hormones, and inflammatory responses. Extracerebral complications are directly related to the severity of SAH-induced brain injury and indicate the clinical outcome in patients. This review provides an overview of the extracerebral complications after SAH. We also aim to describe the manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and the effects of those extracerebral complications on outcome following SAH.
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spelling pubmed-41091092014-08-10 The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs Chen, Sheng Li, Qian Wu, Haijian Krafft, Paul R. Wang, Zhen Zhang, John H. Biomed Res Int Review Article Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological disorder. Patients with aneurysmal SAH develop secondary complications that are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Aside from secondary neurological injuries, SAH has been associated with nonneurologic medical complications, such as neurocardiogenic injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, hyperglycemia, and electrolyte imbalance, of which cardiac and pulmonary complications are most common. The related mechanisms include activation of the sympathetic nervous system, release of catecholamines and other hormones, and inflammatory responses. Extracerebral complications are directly related to the severity of SAH-induced brain injury and indicate the clinical outcome in patients. This review provides an overview of the extracerebral complications after SAH. We also aim to describe the manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and the effects of those extracerebral complications on outcome following SAH. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4109109/ /pubmed/25110700 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/858496 Text en Copyright © 2014 Sheng Chen et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Chen, Sheng
Li, Qian
Wu, Haijian
Krafft, Paul R.
Wang, Zhen
Zhang, John H.
The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs
title The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs
title_full The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs
title_fullStr The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs
title_full_unstemmed The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs
title_short The Harmful Effects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Extracerebral Organs
title_sort harmful effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage on extracerebral organs
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110700
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/858496
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