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Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana, is known to suppress the immune responses to bacterial, viral and protozoan infections, but its effects on fungal infections have not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25057822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103288 |
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author | Blumstein, Gideon W. Parsa, Arya Park, Anthony K. McDowell, Beverly L. P. Arroyo-Mendoza, Melissa Girguis, Marie Adler-Moore, Jill P. Olson, Jon Buckley, Nancy E. |
author_facet | Blumstein, Gideon W. Parsa, Arya Park, Anthony K. McDowell, Beverly L. P. Arroyo-Mendoza, Melissa Girguis, Marie Adler-Moore, Jill P. Olson, Jon Buckley, Nancy E. |
author_sort | Blumstein, Gideon W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana, is known to suppress the immune responses to bacterial, viral and protozoan infections, but its effects on fungal infections have not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment on mouse resistance to systemic Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection. To determine the outcome of chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment on primary, acute systemic candidiasis, c57BL/6 mice were given vehicle or Δ(9)-THC (16 mg/kg) in vehicle on days 1–4, 8–11 and 15–18. On day 19, mice were infected with 5×10(5) C. albicans. We also determined the effect of chronic Δ(9)-THC (4–64 mg/kg) treatment on mice infected with a non-lethal dose of 7.5×10(4) C. albicans on day 2, followed by a higher challenge with 5×10(5) C. albicans on day 19. Mouse resistance to the infection was assessed by survival and tissue fungal load. Serum cytokine levels were determine to evaluate the immune responses. In the acute infection, chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment had no effect on mouse survival or tissue fungal load when compared to vehicle treated mice. However, Δ(9)-THC significantly suppressed IL-12p70 and IL-12p40 as well as marginally suppressed IL-17 versus vehicle treated mice. In comparison, when mice were given a secondary yeast infection, Δ(9)-THC significantly decreased survival, increased tissue fungal burden and suppressed serum IFN-γ and IL-12p40 levels compared to vehicle treated mice. The data showed that chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment decreased the efficacy of the memory immune response to candida infection, which correlated with a decrease in IFN-γ that was only observed after the secondary candida challenge. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4110019 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41100192014-07-29 Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection Blumstein, Gideon W. Parsa, Arya Park, Anthony K. McDowell, Beverly L. P. Arroyo-Mendoza, Melissa Girguis, Marie Adler-Moore, Jill P. Olson, Jon Buckley, Nancy E. PLoS One Research Article Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana, is known to suppress the immune responses to bacterial, viral and protozoan infections, but its effects on fungal infections have not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment on mouse resistance to systemic Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection. To determine the outcome of chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment on primary, acute systemic candidiasis, c57BL/6 mice were given vehicle or Δ(9)-THC (16 mg/kg) in vehicle on days 1–4, 8–11 and 15–18. On day 19, mice were infected with 5×10(5) C. albicans. We also determined the effect of chronic Δ(9)-THC (4–64 mg/kg) treatment on mice infected with a non-lethal dose of 7.5×10(4) C. albicans on day 2, followed by a higher challenge with 5×10(5) C. albicans on day 19. Mouse resistance to the infection was assessed by survival and tissue fungal load. Serum cytokine levels were determine to evaluate the immune responses. In the acute infection, chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment had no effect on mouse survival or tissue fungal load when compared to vehicle treated mice. However, Δ(9)-THC significantly suppressed IL-12p70 and IL-12p40 as well as marginally suppressed IL-17 versus vehicle treated mice. In comparison, when mice were given a secondary yeast infection, Δ(9)-THC significantly decreased survival, increased tissue fungal burden and suppressed serum IFN-γ and IL-12p40 levels compared to vehicle treated mice. The data showed that chronic Δ(9)-THC treatment decreased the efficacy of the memory immune response to candida infection, which correlated with a decrease in IFN-γ that was only observed after the secondary candida challenge. Public Library of Science 2014-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4110019/ /pubmed/25057822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103288 Text en © 2014 Blumstein et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Blumstein, Gideon W. Parsa, Arya Park, Anthony K. McDowell, Beverly L. P. Arroyo-Mendoza, Melissa Girguis, Marie Adler-Moore, Jill P. Olson, Jon Buckley, Nancy E. Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection |
title | Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection |
title_full | Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection |
title_fullStr | Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection |
title_short | Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Mouse Resistance to Systemic Candida albicans Infection |
title_sort | effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on mouse resistance to systemic candida albicans infection |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25057822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103288 |
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