Cargando…

Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are non-protein neurotoxins produced by saltwater dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria. The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 (in viable and non-viable forms) to remove PSTs (saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 2 and 3...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vasama, Mari, Kumar, Himanshu, Salminen, Seppo, Haskard, Carolyn A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25046082
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6072127
_version_ 1782328332669419520
author Vasama, Mari
Kumar, Himanshu
Salminen, Seppo
Haskard, Carolyn A.
author_facet Vasama, Mari
Kumar, Himanshu
Salminen, Seppo
Haskard, Carolyn A.
author_sort Vasama, Mari
collection PubMed
description Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are non-protein neurotoxins produced by saltwater dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria. The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 (in viable and non-viable forms) to remove PSTs (saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 2 and 3 (GTX2/3), C-toxins 1 and 2 (C1/2)) from neutral and acidic solution (pH 7.3 and 2) was examined using HPLC. Binding decreased in the order of STX ~ neoSTX > C2 > GTX3 > GTX2 > C1. Removal of STX and neoSTX (77%–97.2%) was significantly greater than removal of GTX3 and C2 (33.3%–49.7%). There were no significant differences in toxin removal capacity between viable and non-viable forms of lactobacilli, which suggested that binding rather than metabolism is the mechanism of the removal of toxins. In general, binding was not affected by the presence of other organic molecules in solution. Importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate the ability of specific probiotic lactic bacteria to remove PSTs, particularly the most toxic PST-STX, from solution. Further, these results warrant thorough screening and assessment of safe and beneficial microbes for their usefulness in the seafood and water industries and their effectiveness in vivo.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4113746
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-41137462014-07-29 Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Vasama, Mari Kumar, Himanshu Salminen, Seppo Haskard, Carolyn A. Toxins (Basel) Communication Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are non-protein neurotoxins produced by saltwater dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria. The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 (in viable and non-viable forms) to remove PSTs (saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 2 and 3 (GTX2/3), C-toxins 1 and 2 (C1/2)) from neutral and acidic solution (pH 7.3 and 2) was examined using HPLC. Binding decreased in the order of STX ~ neoSTX > C2 > GTX3 > GTX2 > C1. Removal of STX and neoSTX (77%–97.2%) was significantly greater than removal of GTX3 and C2 (33.3%–49.7%). There were no significant differences in toxin removal capacity between viable and non-viable forms of lactobacilli, which suggested that binding rather than metabolism is the mechanism of the removal of toxins. In general, binding was not affected by the presence of other organic molecules in solution. Importantly, this is the first study to demonstrate the ability of specific probiotic lactic bacteria to remove PSTs, particularly the most toxic PST-STX, from solution. Further, these results warrant thorough screening and assessment of safe and beneficial microbes for their usefulness in the seafood and water industries and their effectiveness in vivo. MDPI 2014-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4113746/ /pubmed/25046082 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6072127 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Vasama, Mari
Kumar, Himanshu
Salminen, Seppo
Haskard, Carolyn A.
Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
title Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
title_full Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
title_fullStr Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
title_short Removal of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins by Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria
title_sort removal of paralytic shellfish toxins by probiotic lactic acid bacteria
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25046082
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins6072127
work_keys_str_mv AT vasamamari removalofparalyticshellfishtoxinsbyprobioticlacticacidbacteria
AT kumarhimanshu removalofparalyticshellfishtoxinsbyprobioticlacticacidbacteria
AT salminenseppo removalofparalyticshellfishtoxinsbyprobioticlacticacidbacteria
AT haskardcarolyna removalofparalyticshellfishtoxinsbyprobioticlacticacidbacteria