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Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease
Implicit sequence learning involves learning about dependencies in sequences of events without intent to learn or awareness of what has been learned. Sequence learning is related to striatal dopamine levels, striatal activation, and integrity of white matter connections. People with Parkinson’s dise...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4118028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00563 |
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author | Gamble, Katherine R. Cummings Jr., Thomas J. Lo, Steven E. Ghosh, Pritha T. Howard Jr., James H. Howard, Darlene V. |
author_facet | Gamble, Katherine R. Cummings Jr., Thomas J. Lo, Steven E. Ghosh, Pritha T. Howard Jr., James H. Howard, Darlene V. |
author_sort | Gamble, Katherine R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Implicit sequence learning involves learning about dependencies in sequences of events without intent to learn or awareness of what has been learned. Sequence learning is related to striatal dopamine levels, striatal activation, and integrity of white matter connections. People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons, leading to dopamine deficiency and therefore striatal deficits, and they have difficulties with sequencing, including complex language comprehension and postural stability. Most research on implicit sequence learning in PD has used motor-based tasks. However, because PD presents with motor deficits, it is difficult to assess whether learning itself is impaired in these tasks. The present study used an implicit sequence learning task with a reduced motor component, the Triplets Learning Task (TLT). People with PD and age- and education-matched healthy older adults completed three sessions (each consisting of 10 blocks of 50 trials) of the TLT. Results revealed that the PD group was able to learn the sequence, however, when learning was examined using a Half Blocks analysis (Nemeth et al., 2013), which compared learning in the 1st 25/50 trials of all blocks to that in the 2nd 25/50 trials, the PD group showed significantly less learning than Controls in the 2nd Half Blocks, but not in the 1st. Nemeth et al. (2013) hypothesized that the 1st Half Blocks involve recall and reactivation of the sequence learned, thus reflecting hippocampal-dependent learning, while the 2nd Half Blocks involve proceduralized behavior of learned sequences, reflecting striatal-based learning. The present results suggest that the PD group had intact hippocampal-dependent implicit sequence learning, but impaired striatal-dependent learning. Thus, sequencing deficits in PD are likely due to striatal impairments, but other brain systems, such as the hippocampus, may be able to partially compensate for striatal decline to improve performance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4118028 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41180282014-08-18 Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease Gamble, Katherine R. Cummings Jr., Thomas J. Lo, Steven E. Ghosh, Pritha T. Howard Jr., James H. Howard, Darlene V. Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Implicit sequence learning involves learning about dependencies in sequences of events without intent to learn or awareness of what has been learned. Sequence learning is related to striatal dopamine levels, striatal activation, and integrity of white matter connections. People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons, leading to dopamine deficiency and therefore striatal deficits, and they have difficulties with sequencing, including complex language comprehension and postural stability. Most research on implicit sequence learning in PD has used motor-based tasks. However, because PD presents with motor deficits, it is difficult to assess whether learning itself is impaired in these tasks. The present study used an implicit sequence learning task with a reduced motor component, the Triplets Learning Task (TLT). People with PD and age- and education-matched healthy older adults completed three sessions (each consisting of 10 blocks of 50 trials) of the TLT. Results revealed that the PD group was able to learn the sequence, however, when learning was examined using a Half Blocks analysis (Nemeth et al., 2013), which compared learning in the 1st 25/50 trials of all blocks to that in the 2nd 25/50 trials, the PD group showed significantly less learning than Controls in the 2nd Half Blocks, but not in the 1st. Nemeth et al. (2013) hypothesized that the 1st Half Blocks involve recall and reactivation of the sequence learned, thus reflecting hippocampal-dependent learning, while the 2nd Half Blocks involve proceduralized behavior of learned sequences, reflecting striatal-based learning. The present results suggest that the PD group had intact hippocampal-dependent implicit sequence learning, but impaired striatal-dependent learning. Thus, sequencing deficits in PD are likely due to striatal impairments, but other brain systems, such as the hippocampus, may be able to partially compensate for striatal decline to improve performance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4118028/ /pubmed/25136303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00563 Text en Copyright © 2014 Gamble, Cummings Jr., Lo, Ghosh, Howard Jr. and Howard. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This isdfd an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Gamble, Katherine R. Cummings Jr., Thomas J. Lo, Steven E. Ghosh, Pritha T. Howard Jr., James H. Howard, Darlene V. Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease |
title | Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease |
title_full | Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease |
title_fullStr | Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease |
title_short | Implicit sequence learning in people with Parkinson’s disease |
title_sort | implicit sequence learning in people with parkinson’s disease |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4118028/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00563 |
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