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Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids

Many bacteria produce cytolytic toxins that target host cells or other competing microbes. It is well known that environmental factors control toxin expression, however, recent work suggests that some bacteria manipulate the fold of these protein toxins to control their function. The β-sheet rich am...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Syed, Adnan K., Boles, Blaise R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4118032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136340
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00401
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author Syed, Adnan K.
Boles, Blaise R.
author_facet Syed, Adnan K.
Boles, Blaise R.
author_sort Syed, Adnan K.
collection PubMed
description Many bacteria produce cytolytic toxins that target host cells or other competing microbes. It is well known that environmental factors control toxin expression, however, recent work suggests that some bacteria manipulate the fold of these protein toxins to control their function. The β-sheet rich amyloid fold is a highly stable ordered aggregate that many toxins form in response to specific environmental conditions. When in the amyloid state, toxins become inert, losing the cytolytic activity they display in the soluble form. Emerging evidence suggest that some amyloids function as toxin storage systems until they are again needed, while other bacteria utilize amyloids as a structural matrix component of biofilms. This amyloid matrix component facilitates resistance to biofilm disruptive challenges. The bacterial amyloids discussed in this review reveal an elegant system where changes in protein fold and solubility dictate the function of proteins in response to the environment.
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spelling pubmed-41180322014-08-18 Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids Syed, Adnan K. Boles, Blaise R. Front Microbiol Microbiology Many bacteria produce cytolytic toxins that target host cells or other competing microbes. It is well known that environmental factors control toxin expression, however, recent work suggests that some bacteria manipulate the fold of these protein toxins to control their function. The β-sheet rich amyloid fold is a highly stable ordered aggregate that many toxins form in response to specific environmental conditions. When in the amyloid state, toxins become inert, losing the cytolytic activity they display in the soluble form. Emerging evidence suggest that some amyloids function as toxin storage systems until they are again needed, while other bacteria utilize amyloids as a structural matrix component of biofilms. This amyloid matrix component facilitates resistance to biofilm disruptive challenges. The bacterial amyloids discussed in this review reveal an elegant system where changes in protein fold and solubility dictate the function of proteins in response to the environment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4118032/ /pubmed/25136340 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00401 Text en Copyright © 2014 Syed and Boles. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Syed, Adnan K.
Boles, Blaise R.
Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids
title Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids
title_full Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids
title_fullStr Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids
title_full_unstemmed Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids
title_short Fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids
title_sort fold modulating function: bacterial toxins to functional amyloids
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4118032/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136340
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00401
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