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Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis
Cysticercosis is an infection of tissues with the larval cysts of the cestode, Taenia solium. While live parasites elicit little or no inflammation, dying parasites initiate a granulomatous reaction presenting as painful muscle nodules or seizures when cysts are located in the brain. We previously...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121154/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25530957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/247182 |
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author | Khumbatta, Mitra Firozgary, Bahrom Tweardy, David John Weinstock, Joel Firozgary, Gohar Bhatena, Zal Bulsara, Tushar Siller, Ricardo Robinson, Prema |
author_facet | Khumbatta, Mitra Firozgary, Bahrom Tweardy, David John Weinstock, Joel Firozgary, Gohar Bhatena, Zal Bulsara, Tushar Siller, Ricardo Robinson, Prema |
author_sort | Khumbatta, Mitra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cysticercosis is an infection of tissues with the larval cysts of the cestode, Taenia solium. While live parasites elicit little or no inflammation, dying parasites initiate a granulomatous reaction presenting as painful muscle nodules or seizures when cysts are located in the brain. We previously showed in the T. crassiceps murine model of cysticercosis that substance P (SP), a neuropeptide, was detected in early granulomas and was responsible for promoting granuloma formation, while somatostatin (SOM), another neuropeptide and immunomodulatory hormone, was detected in late granulomas; SOM's contribution to granuloma formation was not examined. In the current studies, we used somatostatin knockout (SOM(−/−)) mice to examine the hypothesis that SOM downmodulates granulomatous inflammation in cysticercosis, thereby promoting parasite growth. Our results demonstrated that parasite burden was reduced 5.9-fold in SOM(−/−) mice compared to WT mice (P < 0.05). This reduction in parasite burden in SOM(−/−) mice was accompanied by a 95% increase in size of their granulomas (P < 0.05), which contained a 1.5-fold increase in levels of IFN-γ and a 26-fold decrease in levels of IL-1β (P < 0.05 for both) compared to granulomas from WT mice. Thus, SOM regulates both parasite burden and granulomatous inflammation perhaps through modulating granuloma production of IFN-γ and IL-1β. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4121154 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41211542014-12-21 Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis Khumbatta, Mitra Firozgary, Bahrom Tweardy, David John Weinstock, Joel Firozgary, Gohar Bhatena, Zal Bulsara, Tushar Siller, Ricardo Robinson, Prema Biomed Res Int Research Article Cysticercosis is an infection of tissues with the larval cysts of the cestode, Taenia solium. While live parasites elicit little or no inflammation, dying parasites initiate a granulomatous reaction presenting as painful muscle nodules or seizures when cysts are located in the brain. We previously showed in the T. crassiceps murine model of cysticercosis that substance P (SP), a neuropeptide, was detected in early granulomas and was responsible for promoting granuloma formation, while somatostatin (SOM), another neuropeptide and immunomodulatory hormone, was detected in late granulomas; SOM's contribution to granuloma formation was not examined. In the current studies, we used somatostatin knockout (SOM(−/−)) mice to examine the hypothesis that SOM downmodulates granulomatous inflammation in cysticercosis, thereby promoting parasite growth. Our results demonstrated that parasite burden was reduced 5.9-fold in SOM(−/−) mice compared to WT mice (P < 0.05). This reduction in parasite burden in SOM(−/−) mice was accompanied by a 95% increase in size of their granulomas (P < 0.05), which contained a 1.5-fold increase in levels of IFN-γ and a 26-fold decrease in levels of IL-1β (P < 0.05 for both) compared to granulomas from WT mice. Thus, SOM regulates both parasite burden and granulomatous inflammation perhaps through modulating granuloma production of IFN-γ and IL-1β. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4121154/ /pubmed/25530957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/247182 Text en Copyright © 2014 Mitra Khumbatta et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Khumbatta, Mitra Firozgary, Bahrom Tweardy, David John Weinstock, Joel Firozgary, Gohar Bhatena, Zal Bulsara, Tushar Siller, Ricardo Robinson, Prema Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis |
title | Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis |
title_full | Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis |
title_fullStr | Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis |
title_short | Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis |
title_sort | somatostatin negatively regulates parasite burden and granulomatous responses in cysticercosis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121154/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25530957 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/247182 |
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