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Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits
Background. Although relaxin causes vasodilatation in systemic arteries, little is known about its role in cerebral arteries. We investigated the expression and role of relaxin in basilar arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits. Methods. Microarray analysis with rabbit basilar artery...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4123578/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25133183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836397 |
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author | Kikkawa, Yuichiro Matsuo, Satoshi Kurogi, Ryota Nakamizo, Akira Mizoguchi, Masahiro Sasaki, Tomio |
author_facet | Kikkawa, Yuichiro Matsuo, Satoshi Kurogi, Ryota Nakamizo, Akira Mizoguchi, Masahiro Sasaki, Tomio |
author_sort | Kikkawa, Yuichiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background. Although relaxin causes vasodilatation in systemic arteries, little is known about its role in cerebral arteries. We investigated the expression and role of relaxin in basilar arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits. Methods. Microarray analysis with rabbit basilar artery RNA was performed. Messenger RNA expression of relaxin-1 and relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) was investigated with quantitative RT-PCR. RXFP1 expression in the basilar artery was investigated with immunohistochemistry. Relaxin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were investigated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMC) preincubated with relaxin, myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC) was investigated with immunoblotting after endothelin-1 stimulation. Results. After SAH, RXFP1 mRNA and protein were significantly downregulated on day 3, whereas relaxin-1 mRNA was significantly upregulated on day 7. The relaxin concentration in CSF was significantly elevated on days 5 and 7. Pretreatment with relaxin reduced sustained MLC phosphorylation induced by endothelin-1 in HBVSMC. Conclusion. Upregulation of relaxin and downregulation of RXFP1 after SAH may participate in development of cerebral vasospasm. Downregulation of RXFP1 may induce a functional decrease in relaxin activity during vasospasm. Understanding the role of relaxin may provide further insight into the mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4123578 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41235782014-08-17 Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits Kikkawa, Yuichiro Matsuo, Satoshi Kurogi, Ryota Nakamizo, Akira Mizoguchi, Masahiro Sasaki, Tomio Biomed Res Int Research Article Background. Although relaxin causes vasodilatation in systemic arteries, little is known about its role in cerebral arteries. We investigated the expression and role of relaxin in basilar arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rabbits. Methods. Microarray analysis with rabbit basilar artery RNA was performed. Messenger RNA expression of relaxin-1 and relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) was investigated with quantitative RT-PCR. RXFP1 expression in the basilar artery was investigated with immunohistochemistry. Relaxin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were investigated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMC) preincubated with relaxin, myosin light chain phosphorylation (MLC) was investigated with immunoblotting after endothelin-1 stimulation. Results. After SAH, RXFP1 mRNA and protein were significantly downregulated on day 3, whereas relaxin-1 mRNA was significantly upregulated on day 7. The relaxin concentration in CSF was significantly elevated on days 5 and 7. Pretreatment with relaxin reduced sustained MLC phosphorylation induced by endothelin-1 in HBVSMC. Conclusion. Upregulation of relaxin and downregulation of RXFP1 after SAH may participate in development of cerebral vasospasm. Downregulation of RXFP1 may induce a functional decrease in relaxin activity during vasospasm. Understanding the role of relaxin may provide further insight into the mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4123578/ /pubmed/25133183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836397 Text en Copyright © 2014 Yuichiro Kikkawa et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kikkawa, Yuichiro Matsuo, Satoshi Kurogi, Ryota Nakamizo, Akira Mizoguchi, Masahiro Sasaki, Tomio Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits |
title | Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits |
title_full | Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits |
title_fullStr | Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits |
title_full_unstemmed | Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits |
title_short | Upregulation of Relaxin after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rabbits |
title_sort | upregulation of relaxin after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4123578/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25133183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836397 |
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