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Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial cells in the brain has been commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is cause or consequence of neurodegeneration is still a matter of controversy. However, it is unequivocal that chronic neuroinfl...

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Autores principales: Santiago, Ana R., Baptista, Filipa I., Santos, Paulo F., Cristóvão, Gonçalo, Ambrósio, António F., Cunha, Rodrigo A., Gomes, Catarina A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132733
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/465694
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author Santiago, Ana R.
Baptista, Filipa I.
Santos, Paulo F.
Cristóvão, Gonçalo
Ambrósio, António F.
Cunha, Rodrigo A.
Gomes, Catarina A.
author_facet Santiago, Ana R.
Baptista, Filipa I.
Santos, Paulo F.
Cristóvão, Gonçalo
Ambrósio, António F.
Cunha, Rodrigo A.
Gomes, Catarina A.
author_sort Santiago, Ana R.
collection PubMed
description Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial cells in the brain has been commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is cause or consequence of neurodegeneration is still a matter of controversy. However, it is unequivocal that chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in disease progression and halting that process represents a potential therapeutic strategy. The neuromodulator adenosine emerges as a promising targeting candidate based on its ability to regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, and reactivity through the activation of its G protein coupled A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R). This is in striking agreement with the ability of A(2A)R blockade to control several brain diseases. Retinal degenerative diseases have been also associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, but the role of A(2A)R has been scarcely explored. This review aims to compare inflammatory features of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, discussing the therapeutic potential of A(2A)R in these degenerative conditions.
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spelling pubmed-41247032014-08-17 Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases Santiago, Ana R. Baptista, Filipa I. Santos, Paulo F. Cristóvão, Gonçalo Ambrósio, António F. Cunha, Rodrigo A. Gomes, Catarina A. Mediators Inflamm Review Article Neuroinflammation mediated by microglial cells in the brain has been commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Whether this microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is cause or consequence of neurodegeneration is still a matter of controversy. However, it is unequivocal that chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in disease progression and halting that process represents a potential therapeutic strategy. The neuromodulator adenosine emerges as a promising targeting candidate based on its ability to regulate microglial proliferation, chemotaxis, and reactivity through the activation of its G protein coupled A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R). This is in striking agreement with the ability of A(2A)R blockade to control several brain diseases. Retinal degenerative diseases have been also associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, but the role of A(2A)R has been scarcely explored. This review aims to compare inflammatory features of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, discussing the therapeutic potential of A(2A)R in these degenerative conditions. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4124703/ /pubmed/25132733 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/465694 Text en Copyright © 2014 Ana R. Santiago et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Santiago, Ana R.
Baptista, Filipa I.
Santos, Paulo F.
Cristóvão, Gonçalo
Ambrósio, António F.
Cunha, Rodrigo A.
Gomes, Catarina A.
Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases
title Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_fullStr Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_short Role of Microglia Adenosine A(2A) Receptors in Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_sort role of microglia adenosine a(2a) receptors in retinal and brain neurodegenerative diseases
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124703/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132733
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/465694
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