Cargando…

The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens

Consequences of internal wave motion for phytoplankton and in particular for the distribution and production of the harmful and buoyant cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens were investigated based on data from two field campaigns conducted in Lake Ammer during summer 2009 and 2011. In both years, P...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hingsamer, Peter, Peeters, Frank, Hofmann, Hilmar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4125214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25102279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104359
_version_ 1782329746732875776
author Hingsamer, Peter
Peeters, Frank
Hofmann, Hilmar
author_facet Hingsamer, Peter
Peeters, Frank
Hofmann, Hilmar
author_sort Hingsamer, Peter
collection PubMed
description Consequences of internal wave motion for phytoplankton and in particular for the distribution and production of the harmful and buoyant cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens were investigated based on data from two field campaigns conducted in Lake Ammer during summer 2009 and 2011. In both years, P. rubescens dominated the phytoplankton community and formed a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the metalimnion. Internal wave motions caused vertical displacement of P. rubescens of up to 6 m and 10 m, respectively. Vertical displacements of isotherms and of iso-concentration lines of P. rubescens from the same depth range coincided, suggesting that P. rubescens did not or could not regulate its buoyancy to prevent wave-induced vertical displacements. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in the epilimnion and were vertically separated from P. rubescens. The thickness of the diatom layer, but not the diatom concentrations within the layer, changed in phase with the changes in the thickness of the epilimnion caused by internal wave motions. Seiche induced vertical displacements of P. rubescens caused fluctuations in the light intensity available at the depth of the P. rubescens layer. The interplay between seiche induced vertical displacements of the P. rubescens layer and the daily cycle of incident light lead to differences in the daily mean available light intensity between lake ends by up to a factor of ∼3. As a consequence, the daily mean specific oxygen production rate of P. rubescens differed by up to a factor of ∼7 between lake ends. The horizontal differences in the specific oxygen production rate of P. rubescens were persistent over several days suggesting that the associated production of P. rubescens biomass may lead to phytoplankton patchiness. The effect of internal seiches on the spatial heterogeneity and the persistence of horizontal differences in production, however, depend on the timing and the synchronization between internal wave motion and the daily course of incident light intensity. Vertical displacements caused by internal waves could be distinguished from other factors influencing the distribution of P. rubescens (e.g. active buoyancy control, production, vertical mixing) by a temperature-based data transformation. This technique may be of general use for separating wave-induced transport from other processes (e.g. sedimentation, vertical mixing) that affect the distributions of dissolved substances and suspended particles.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4125214
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-41252142014-08-12 The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens Hingsamer, Peter Peeters, Frank Hofmann, Hilmar PLoS One Research Article Consequences of internal wave motion for phytoplankton and in particular for the distribution and production of the harmful and buoyant cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens were investigated based on data from two field campaigns conducted in Lake Ammer during summer 2009 and 2011. In both years, P. rubescens dominated the phytoplankton community and formed a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the metalimnion. Internal wave motions caused vertical displacement of P. rubescens of up to 6 m and 10 m, respectively. Vertical displacements of isotherms and of iso-concentration lines of P. rubescens from the same depth range coincided, suggesting that P. rubescens did not or could not regulate its buoyancy to prevent wave-induced vertical displacements. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community in the epilimnion and were vertically separated from P. rubescens. The thickness of the diatom layer, but not the diatom concentrations within the layer, changed in phase with the changes in the thickness of the epilimnion caused by internal wave motions. Seiche induced vertical displacements of P. rubescens caused fluctuations in the light intensity available at the depth of the P. rubescens layer. The interplay between seiche induced vertical displacements of the P. rubescens layer and the daily cycle of incident light lead to differences in the daily mean available light intensity between lake ends by up to a factor of ∼3. As a consequence, the daily mean specific oxygen production rate of P. rubescens differed by up to a factor of ∼7 between lake ends. The horizontal differences in the specific oxygen production rate of P. rubescens were persistent over several days suggesting that the associated production of P. rubescens biomass may lead to phytoplankton patchiness. The effect of internal seiches on the spatial heterogeneity and the persistence of horizontal differences in production, however, depend on the timing and the synchronization between internal wave motion and the daily course of incident light intensity. Vertical displacements caused by internal waves could be distinguished from other factors influencing the distribution of P. rubescens (e.g. active buoyancy control, production, vertical mixing) by a temperature-based data transformation. This technique may be of general use for separating wave-induced transport from other processes (e.g. sedimentation, vertical mixing) that affect the distributions of dissolved substances and suspended particles. Public Library of Science 2014-08-07 /pmc/articles/PMC4125214/ /pubmed/25102279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104359 Text en © 2014 Hingsamer et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hingsamer, Peter
Peeters, Frank
Hofmann, Hilmar
The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens
title The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens
title_full The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens
title_fullStr The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens
title_full_unstemmed The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens
title_short The Consequences of Internal Waves for Phytoplankton Focusing on the Distribution and Production of Planktothrix rubescens
title_sort consequences of internal waves for phytoplankton focusing on the distribution and production of planktothrix rubescens
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4125214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25102279
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104359
work_keys_str_mv AT hingsamerpeter theconsequencesofinternalwavesforphytoplanktonfocusingonthedistributionandproductionofplanktothrixrubescens
AT peetersfrank theconsequencesofinternalwavesforphytoplanktonfocusingonthedistributionandproductionofplanktothrixrubescens
AT hofmannhilmar theconsequencesofinternalwavesforphytoplanktonfocusingonthedistributionandproductionofplanktothrixrubescens
AT hingsamerpeter consequencesofinternalwavesforphytoplanktonfocusingonthedistributionandproductionofplanktothrixrubescens
AT peetersfrank consequencesofinternalwavesforphytoplanktonfocusingonthedistributionandproductionofplanktothrixrubescens
AT hofmannhilmar consequencesofinternalwavesforphytoplanktonfocusingonthedistributionandproductionofplanktothrixrubescens