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T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses
Emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pose potential biological threats to humans. SARS and MERS are manifested as severe atypical pneumonia associated with high morbidity an...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4125530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24845462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8534-z |
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author | Channappanavar, Rudragouda Zhao, Jincun Perlman, Stanley |
author_facet | Channappanavar, Rudragouda Zhao, Jincun Perlman, Stanley |
author_sort | Channappanavar, Rudragouda |
collection | PubMed |
description | Emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pose potential biological threats to humans. SARS and MERS are manifested as severe atypical pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. The majority of studies carried out in SARS-CoV-infected humans and animals attribute a dysregulated/exuberant innate response as a leading contributor to SARS-CoV-mediated pathology. A decade after the 2002–2003 SARS epidemic, we do not have any approved preventive or therapeutic agents available in case of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or other related viruses. A strong neutralizing antibody response generated against the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV is completely protective in the susceptible host. However, neutralizing antibody titers and the memory B cell response are short lived in SARS-recovered patients and the antibody will target primary homologous strain. Interestingly, the acute phase of SARS in humans is associated with a severe reduction in the number of T cells in the blood. Surprisingly, only a limited number of studies have explored the role of the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response in respiratory coronavirus pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of anti-virus CD4 and CD8 T cells during respiratory coronavirus infections with a special emphasis on emerging coronaviruses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4125530 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41255302015-08-01 T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses Channappanavar, Rudragouda Zhao, Jincun Perlman, Stanley Immunol Res Immunology at the University of Iowa Emerging respiratory coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pose potential biological threats to humans. SARS and MERS are manifested as severe atypical pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. The majority of studies carried out in SARS-CoV-infected humans and animals attribute a dysregulated/exuberant innate response as a leading contributor to SARS-CoV-mediated pathology. A decade after the 2002–2003 SARS epidemic, we do not have any approved preventive or therapeutic agents available in case of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or other related viruses. A strong neutralizing antibody response generated against the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV is completely protective in the susceptible host. However, neutralizing antibody titers and the memory B cell response are short lived in SARS-recovered patients and the antibody will target primary homologous strain. Interestingly, the acute phase of SARS in humans is associated with a severe reduction in the number of T cells in the blood. Surprisingly, only a limited number of studies have explored the role of the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response in respiratory coronavirus pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of anti-virus CD4 and CD8 T cells during respiratory coronavirus infections with a special emphasis on emerging coronaviruses. Springer US 2014-05-21 2014 /pmc/articles/PMC4125530/ /pubmed/24845462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8534-z Text en © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Immunology at the University of Iowa Channappanavar, Rudragouda Zhao, Jincun Perlman, Stanley T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses |
title | T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses |
title_full | T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses |
title_fullStr | T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses |
title_full_unstemmed | T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses |
title_short | T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses |
title_sort | t cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses |
topic | Immunology at the University of Iowa |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4125530/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24845462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8534-z |
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