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Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus

BACKGROUND: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polymeric nanostructured fibrillar network produced by certain microorganisms, principally Gluconacetobacter xylinus. BC has a great potential of application in many fields. Lignocellulosic biomass has been investigated as a cost-effective feedstock for BC p...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Shuo, Winestrand, Sandra, Guo, Xiang, Chen, Lin, Hong, Feng, Jönsson, Leif J
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884902
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-13-62
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author Zhang, Shuo
Winestrand, Sandra
Guo, Xiang
Chen, Lin
Hong, Feng
Jönsson, Leif J
author_facet Zhang, Shuo
Winestrand, Sandra
Guo, Xiang
Chen, Lin
Hong, Feng
Jönsson, Leif J
author_sort Zhang, Shuo
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polymeric nanostructured fibrillar network produced by certain microorganisms, principally Gluconacetobacter xylinus. BC has a great potential of application in many fields. Lignocellulosic biomass has been investigated as a cost-effective feedstock for BC production through pretreatment and hydrolysis. It is well known that detoxification of lignocellulosic hydrolysates may be required to achieve efficient production of BC. Recent results suggest that phenolic compounds contribute to the inhibition of G. xylinus. However, very little is known about the effect on G. xylinus of specific lignocellulose-derived inhibitors. In this study, the inhibitory effects of four phenolic model compounds (coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) on the growth of G. xylinus, the pH of the culture medium, and the production of BC were investigated in detail. The stability of the phenolics in the bacterial cultures was investigated and the main bioconversion products were identified and quantified. RESULTS: Coniferyl aldehyde was the most potent inhibitor, followed by vanillin, ferulic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. There was no BC produced even with coniferyl aldehyde concentrations as low as 2 mM. Vanillin displayed a negative effect on the bacteria and when the vanillin concentration was raised to 2.5 mM the volumetric yield of BC decreased to ~40% of that obtained in control medium without inhibitors. The phenolic acids, ferulic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, showed almost no toxic effects when less than 2.5 mM. The bacterial cultures oxidized coniferyl aldehyde to ferulic acid with a yield of up to 81%. Vanillin was reduced to vanillyl alcohol with a yield of up to 80%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first investigation of the effect of specific phenolics on the production of BC by G. xylinus, and is also the first demonstration of the ability of G. xylinus to convert phenolic compounds. This study gives a better understanding of how phenolic compounds and G. xylinus cultures are affected by each other. Investigations in this area are useful for elucidating the mechanism behind inhibition of G. xylinus in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and for understanding how production of BC using lignocellulosic feedstocks can be performed in an efficient way.
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spelling pubmed-41261842014-08-11 Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus Zhang, Shuo Winestrand, Sandra Guo, Xiang Chen, Lin Hong, Feng Jönsson, Leif J Microb Cell Fact Research BACKGROUND: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polymeric nanostructured fibrillar network produced by certain microorganisms, principally Gluconacetobacter xylinus. BC has a great potential of application in many fields. Lignocellulosic biomass has been investigated as a cost-effective feedstock for BC production through pretreatment and hydrolysis. It is well known that detoxification of lignocellulosic hydrolysates may be required to achieve efficient production of BC. Recent results suggest that phenolic compounds contribute to the inhibition of G. xylinus. However, very little is known about the effect on G. xylinus of specific lignocellulose-derived inhibitors. In this study, the inhibitory effects of four phenolic model compounds (coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid, vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) on the growth of G. xylinus, the pH of the culture medium, and the production of BC were investigated in detail. The stability of the phenolics in the bacterial cultures was investigated and the main bioconversion products were identified and quantified. RESULTS: Coniferyl aldehyde was the most potent inhibitor, followed by vanillin, ferulic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. There was no BC produced even with coniferyl aldehyde concentrations as low as 2 mM. Vanillin displayed a negative effect on the bacteria and when the vanillin concentration was raised to 2.5 mM the volumetric yield of BC decreased to ~40% of that obtained in control medium without inhibitors. The phenolic acids, ferulic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, showed almost no toxic effects when less than 2.5 mM. The bacterial cultures oxidized coniferyl aldehyde to ferulic acid with a yield of up to 81%. Vanillin was reduced to vanillyl alcohol with a yield of up to 80%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first investigation of the effect of specific phenolics on the production of BC by G. xylinus, and is also the first demonstration of the ability of G. xylinus to convert phenolic compounds. This study gives a better understanding of how phenolic compounds and G. xylinus cultures are affected by each other. Investigations in this area are useful for elucidating the mechanism behind inhibition of G. xylinus in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and for understanding how production of BC using lignocellulosic feedstocks can be performed in an efficient way. BioMed Central 2014-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4126184/ /pubmed/24884902 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-13-62 Text en Copyright © 2014 Zhang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Zhang, Shuo
Winestrand, Sandra
Guo, Xiang
Chen, Lin
Hong, Feng
Jönsson, Leif J
Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
title Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
title_full Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
title_fullStr Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
title_full_unstemmed Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
title_short Effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinus
title_sort effects of aromatic compounds on the production of bacterial nanocellulose by gluconacetobacter xylinus
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884902
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-13-62
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