Infective endocarditis complicated with cerebral and splenic infarction in a hemodialysis patient

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE) has a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Complications are often due to systemic embolization. We treated a 47-year-old hemodialysis man with infective endocarditis complicated with cerebral and splenic infarction. METHODS: The patient was brought to the emergency department because of altered mental status and fecal incontinence. Although he did not meet the Duke Criteria for IE diagnosis, clinical suspicions of IE warranted further diagnostic studies. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed cerebral infarction with abnormal neurological findings. An abdominal computerized tomography revealed an incidental and unexpected splenic infarction without physical findings. Echocardiography revealed a vegetative growth (−1.2×1 cm) over the mitral posterior leaflet with severe mitral valve regurgitation. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with IE complicated with severe cerebral and splenic infarction. RESULTS: The patient was treated with intravenous teicoplanin including gentamicin, subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin, and oral acetylsalicylic acid. Mitral valve replacement surgery was performed after the patient improved clinically. CONCLUSION: Emergency physicians should be aware of the life-threatening complications of IE, which may be presented subtly or without clinical evidence.