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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim

BACKGROUND: Contamination of water, food, and environment with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious public health issue. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the bacterial pollution of the natural sources of water in east Sikkim and to determine the antimicrobial profile of the bacterial i...

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Autores principales: Poonia, Shubra, Singh, T. Shantikumar, Tsering, Dechen C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4134531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136156
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.137152
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author Poonia, Shubra
Singh, T. Shantikumar
Tsering, Dechen C.
author_facet Poonia, Shubra
Singh, T. Shantikumar
Tsering, Dechen C.
author_sort Poonia, Shubra
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Contamination of water, food, and environment with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious public health issue. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the bacterial pollution of the natural sources of water in east Sikkim and to determine the antimicrobial profile of the bacterial isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 225 samples, 75 each during winter, summer, and monsoon season were collected from the same source in every season for bacteriological analysis by membrane filtration method. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using standard disc diffusion method. RESULTS: A total of 19 bacterial species of the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, and Serratia were isolated and their antimicrobial sensitivity tested. Generally, most bacterial isolates except Salmonella and Shigella species were found resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (57.5%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaole (39.1%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (37.4%), cefixime (34.5%), tetracycline (29.1%), ceftazidime (26.3%), ofloxacin (25.9%), amikacin (8.7%), and gentamicin (2.7%) but sensitive to imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. CONCLUSION: Natural sources of water in east Sikkim are grossly contaminated with bacteria including enteropathogens. The consumption of untreated water from these sources might pose health risk to consumers.
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spelling pubmed-41345312014-08-18 Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim Poonia, Shubra Singh, T. Shantikumar Tsering, Dechen C. Indian J Community Med Original Article BACKGROUND: Contamination of water, food, and environment with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious public health issue. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the bacterial pollution of the natural sources of water in east Sikkim and to determine the antimicrobial profile of the bacterial isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 225 samples, 75 each during winter, summer, and monsoon season were collected from the same source in every season for bacteriological analysis by membrane filtration method. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using standard disc diffusion method. RESULTS: A total of 19 bacterial species of the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, and Serratia were isolated and their antimicrobial sensitivity tested. Generally, most bacterial isolates except Salmonella and Shigella species were found resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (57.5%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaole (39.1%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (37.4%), cefixime (34.5%), tetracycline (29.1%), ceftazidime (26.3%), ofloxacin (25.9%), amikacin (8.7%), and gentamicin (2.7%) but sensitive to imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. CONCLUSION: Natural sources of water in east Sikkim are grossly contaminated with bacteria including enteropathogens. The consumption of untreated water from these sources might pose health risk to consumers. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014 /pmc/articles/PMC4134531/ /pubmed/25136156 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.137152 Text en Copyright: © Indian Journal of Community Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Poonia, Shubra
Singh, T. Shantikumar
Tsering, Dechen C.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim
title Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim
title_full Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim
title_fullStr Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim
title_full_unstemmed Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim
title_short Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Natural Sources of Water from Rural Areas of East Sikkim
title_sort antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from natural sources of water from rural areas of east sikkim
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4134531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136156
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.137152
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