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Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne chronic infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum. VL is a serious public health problem, causing high morbidity and mortality in the developing world with an estimated 0.2–0.4 million new cases each y...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4135235/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25183962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00296 |
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author | Singh, Om Prakash Sundar, Shyam |
author_facet | Singh, Om Prakash Sundar, Shyam |
author_sort | Singh, Om Prakash |
collection | PubMed |
description | Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne chronic infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum. VL is a serious public health problem, causing high morbidity and mortality in the developing world with an estimated 0.2–0.4 million new cases each year. In the absence of a vaccine, chemotherapy remains the favored option for disease control, but is limited by a narrow therapeutic index, significant toxicities, and frequently acquired resistance. Improved understanding of VL pathogenesis offers the development and deployment of immune based treatment options either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Modulations of host immune response include the inhibition of molecular pathways that are crucial for parasite growth and maintenance; and stimulation of host effectors immune responses that restore the impaired effector functions. In this review, we highlight the challenges in treatment of VL with a particular emphasis on immunotherapy and targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4135235 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41352352014-09-02 Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects Singh, Om Prakash Sundar, Shyam Front Immunol Immunology Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne chronic infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum. VL is a serious public health problem, causing high morbidity and mortality in the developing world with an estimated 0.2–0.4 million new cases each year. In the absence of a vaccine, chemotherapy remains the favored option for disease control, but is limited by a narrow therapeutic index, significant toxicities, and frequently acquired resistance. Improved understanding of VL pathogenesis offers the development and deployment of immune based treatment options either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Modulations of host immune response include the inhibition of molecular pathways that are crucial for parasite growth and maintenance; and stimulation of host effectors immune responses that restore the impaired effector functions. In this review, we highlight the challenges in treatment of VL with a particular emphasis on immunotherapy and targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4135235/ /pubmed/25183962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00296 Text en Copyright © 2014 Singh and Sundar. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Singh, Om Prakash Sundar, Shyam Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects |
title | Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects |
title_full | Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects |
title_fullStr | Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects |
title_short | Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current Status and Future Prospects |
title_sort | immunotherapy and targeted therapies in treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: current status and future prospects |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4135235/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25183962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00296 |
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