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Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires

Trans-boundary haze events in Southeast Asia are associated with large forest and peatland fires in Indonesia. These episodes of extreme air pollution usually occur during drought years induced by climate anomalies from the Pacific (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and Indian Oceans (Indian Ocean Dipol...

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Autores principales: Gaveau, David L. A., Salim, Mohammad A., Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Locatelli, Bruno, Sloan, Sean, Wooster, Martin, Marlier, Miriam E., Molidena, Elis, Yaen, Husna, DeFries, Ruth, Verchot, Louis, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Nasi, Robert, Holmgren, Peter, Sheil, Douglas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137341/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25135165
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06112
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author Gaveau, David L. A.
Salim, Mohammad A.
Hergoualc'h, Kristell
Locatelli, Bruno
Sloan, Sean
Wooster, Martin
Marlier, Miriam E.
Molidena, Elis
Yaen, Husna
DeFries, Ruth
Verchot, Louis
Murdiyarso, Daniel
Nasi, Robert
Holmgren, Peter
Sheil, Douglas
author_facet Gaveau, David L. A.
Salim, Mohammad A.
Hergoualc'h, Kristell
Locatelli, Bruno
Sloan, Sean
Wooster, Martin
Marlier, Miriam E.
Molidena, Elis
Yaen, Husna
DeFries, Ruth
Verchot, Louis
Murdiyarso, Daniel
Nasi, Robert
Holmgren, Peter
Sheil, Douglas
author_sort Gaveau, David L. A.
collection PubMed
description Trans-boundary haze events in Southeast Asia are associated with large forest and peatland fires in Indonesia. These episodes of extreme air pollution usually occur during drought years induced by climate anomalies from the Pacific (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and Indian Oceans (Indian Ocean Dipole). However, in June 2013 – a non-drought year – Singapore's 24-hr Pollutants Standards Index reached an all-time record 246 (rated “very unhealthy”). Here, we show using remote sensing, rainfall records and other data, that the Indonesian fires behind the 2013 haze followed a two-month dry spell in a wetter-than-average year. These fires were short-lived (one week) and limited to a localized area in Central Sumatra (1.6% of Indonesia): burning an estimated 163,336 ha, including 137,044 ha (84%) on peat. Most burning was confined to deforested lands (82%; 133,216 ha). The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during this brief, localized event were considerable: 172 ± 59 Tg CO(2)-eq (or 31 ± 12 Tg C), representing 5–10% of Indonesia's mean annual GHG emissions for 2000–2005. Our observations show that extreme air pollution episodes in Southeast Asia are no longer restricted to drought years. We expect major haze events to be increasingly frequent because of ongoing deforestation of Indonesian peatlands.
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spelling pubmed-41373412014-08-27 Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires Gaveau, David L. A. Salim, Mohammad A. Hergoualc'h, Kristell Locatelli, Bruno Sloan, Sean Wooster, Martin Marlier, Miriam E. Molidena, Elis Yaen, Husna DeFries, Ruth Verchot, Louis Murdiyarso, Daniel Nasi, Robert Holmgren, Peter Sheil, Douglas Sci Rep Article Trans-boundary haze events in Southeast Asia are associated with large forest and peatland fires in Indonesia. These episodes of extreme air pollution usually occur during drought years induced by climate anomalies from the Pacific (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and Indian Oceans (Indian Ocean Dipole). However, in June 2013 – a non-drought year – Singapore's 24-hr Pollutants Standards Index reached an all-time record 246 (rated “very unhealthy”). Here, we show using remote sensing, rainfall records and other data, that the Indonesian fires behind the 2013 haze followed a two-month dry spell in a wetter-than-average year. These fires were short-lived (one week) and limited to a localized area in Central Sumatra (1.6% of Indonesia): burning an estimated 163,336 ha, including 137,044 ha (84%) on peat. Most burning was confined to deforested lands (82%; 133,216 ha). The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during this brief, localized event were considerable: 172 ± 59 Tg CO(2)-eq (or 31 ± 12 Tg C), representing 5–10% of Indonesia's mean annual GHG emissions for 2000–2005. Our observations show that extreme air pollution episodes in Southeast Asia are no longer restricted to drought years. We expect major haze events to be increasingly frequent because of ongoing deforestation of Indonesian peatlands. Nature Publishing Group 2014-08-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4137341/ /pubmed/25135165 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06112 Text en Copyright © 2014, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder in order to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Gaveau, David L. A.
Salim, Mohammad A.
Hergoualc'h, Kristell
Locatelli, Bruno
Sloan, Sean
Wooster, Martin
Marlier, Miriam E.
Molidena, Elis
Yaen, Husna
DeFries, Ruth
Verchot, Louis
Murdiyarso, Daniel
Nasi, Robert
Holmgren, Peter
Sheil, Douglas
Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires
title Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires
title_full Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires
title_fullStr Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires
title_full_unstemmed Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires
title_short Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires
title_sort major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in southeast asia during non-drought years: evidence from the 2013 sumatran fires
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137341/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25135165
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06112
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