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Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene

Fullerene nanoemulsions were formulated in palm kernel oil esters stabilized by low amount of mixed nonionic surfactants. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were established in the colloidal system of PKOEs/Tween 80 : Span 80/water incorporated with fullerene as antioxidant. Preformulation was subjected t...

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Autores principales: Ngan, Cheng Loong, Basri, Mahiran, Tripathy, Minaketan, Abedi Karjiban, Roghayeh, Abdul-Malek, Emilia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137601/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/219035
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author Ngan, Cheng Loong
Basri, Mahiran
Tripathy, Minaketan
Abedi Karjiban, Roghayeh
Abdul-Malek, Emilia
author_facet Ngan, Cheng Loong
Basri, Mahiran
Tripathy, Minaketan
Abedi Karjiban, Roghayeh
Abdul-Malek, Emilia
author_sort Ngan, Cheng Loong
collection PubMed
description Fullerene nanoemulsions were formulated in palm kernel oil esters stabilized by low amount of mixed nonionic surfactants. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were established in the colloidal system of PKOEs/Tween 80 : Span 80/water incorporated with fullerene as antioxidant. Preformulation was subjected to combination of high and low energy emulsification methods and the physicochemical characteristics of fullerene nanoemulsions were analyzed using electroacoustic spectrometer. Oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions with particle sizes in the range of 70–160 nm were formed. The rheological characteristics of colloidal systems exhibited shear thinning behavior which fitted well into the power law model. The effect of xanthan gum (0.2–1.0%, w/w) and beeswax (1–3%, w/w) in the estimation of thermodynamics was further studied. From the energetic parameters calculated for the viscous flow, a moderate energy barrier for transport process was observed. Thermodynamic study showed that the enthalpy was positive in all xanthan gum and beeswax concentrations indicating that the formation of nanoemulsions could be endothermic in nature. Fullerene nanoemulsions with 0.6% or higher xanthan gum content were found to be stable against creaming and flocculation when exposed to extreme environmental conditions.
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spelling pubmed-41376012014-08-27 Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene Ngan, Cheng Loong Basri, Mahiran Tripathy, Minaketan Abedi Karjiban, Roghayeh Abdul-Malek, Emilia ScientificWorldJournal Research Article Fullerene nanoemulsions were formulated in palm kernel oil esters stabilized by low amount of mixed nonionic surfactants. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were established in the colloidal system of PKOEs/Tween 80 : Span 80/water incorporated with fullerene as antioxidant. Preformulation was subjected to combination of high and low energy emulsification methods and the physicochemical characteristics of fullerene nanoemulsions were analyzed using electroacoustic spectrometer. Oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions with particle sizes in the range of 70–160 nm were formed. The rheological characteristics of colloidal systems exhibited shear thinning behavior which fitted well into the power law model. The effect of xanthan gum (0.2–1.0%, w/w) and beeswax (1–3%, w/w) in the estimation of thermodynamics was further studied. From the energetic parameters calculated for the viscous flow, a moderate energy barrier for transport process was observed. Thermodynamic study showed that the enthalpy was positive in all xanthan gum and beeswax concentrations indicating that the formation of nanoemulsions could be endothermic in nature. Fullerene nanoemulsions with 0.6% or higher xanthan gum content were found to be stable against creaming and flocculation when exposed to extreme environmental conditions. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-08-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4137601/ /pubmed/25165736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/219035 Text en Copyright © 2014 Cheng Loong Ngan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ngan, Cheng Loong
Basri, Mahiran
Tripathy, Minaketan
Abedi Karjiban, Roghayeh
Abdul-Malek, Emilia
Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
title Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
title_full Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
title_fullStr Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
title_full_unstemmed Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
title_short Physicochemical Characterization and Thermodynamic Studies of Nanoemulsion-Based Transdermal Delivery System for Fullerene
title_sort physicochemical characterization and thermodynamic studies of nanoemulsion-based transdermal delivery system for fullerene
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137601/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/219035
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