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Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering

BACKGROUND: X-ray scattering is a well-established method for measuring cellulose microfibril angles in secondary cell walls. However, little data is available on the much thinner primary cell walls. Here, we show that microfibril orientation distributions can be determined by small angle X-ray scat...

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Autores principales: Saxe, Friederike, Eder, Michaela, Benecke, Gunthard, Aichmayer, Barbara, Fratzl, Peter, Burgert, Ingo, Rüggeberg, Markus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170343
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-10-25
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author Saxe, Friederike
Eder, Michaela
Benecke, Gunthard
Aichmayer, Barbara
Fratzl, Peter
Burgert, Ingo
Rüggeberg, Markus
author_facet Saxe, Friederike
Eder, Michaela
Benecke, Gunthard
Aichmayer, Barbara
Fratzl, Peter
Burgert, Ingo
Rüggeberg, Markus
author_sort Saxe, Friederike
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: X-ray scattering is a well-established method for measuring cellulose microfibril angles in secondary cell walls. However, little data is available on the much thinner primary cell walls. Here, we show that microfibril orientation distributions can be determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) even in primary cell walls. The technique offers a number of advantages: samples can be analyzed in the native hydrated state without any preparation which minimizes the risk of artifacts and allows for fast data acquisition. The method provides data averaged over a specimen region, determined by the size of the used X-ray beam and, thus, yields the microfibril orientation distribution within this region. RESULTS: Cellulose microfibril orientation distributions were obtained for single cells of the alga Chara corallina, as well as for the multicellular hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana. In both, Chara and Arabidopsis, distributions with a broad scattering around mean microfibril angles of approximately 0° and 90° towards the longitudinal axis of the cells were found. CONCLUSIONS: With SAXS, the structure of primary cell walls can be analysed in their native state and new insights into the cellulose microfibril orientation of primary cell walls can be gained. The data shows that SAXS can serve as a valuable tool for the analysis of cellulose microfibril orientation in primary cell walls and, in consequence, add to the understanding of its mechanical behaviour and the intriguing mechanisms behind cell growth.
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spelling pubmed-41377512014-08-28 Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering Saxe, Friederike Eder, Michaela Benecke, Gunthard Aichmayer, Barbara Fratzl, Peter Burgert, Ingo Rüggeberg, Markus Plant Methods Methodology BACKGROUND: X-ray scattering is a well-established method for measuring cellulose microfibril angles in secondary cell walls. However, little data is available on the much thinner primary cell walls. Here, we show that microfibril orientation distributions can be determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) even in primary cell walls. The technique offers a number of advantages: samples can be analyzed in the native hydrated state without any preparation which minimizes the risk of artifacts and allows for fast data acquisition. The method provides data averaged over a specimen region, determined by the size of the used X-ray beam and, thus, yields the microfibril orientation distribution within this region. RESULTS: Cellulose microfibril orientation distributions were obtained for single cells of the alga Chara corallina, as well as for the multicellular hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana. In both, Chara and Arabidopsis, distributions with a broad scattering around mean microfibril angles of approximately 0° and 90° towards the longitudinal axis of the cells were found. CONCLUSIONS: With SAXS, the structure of primary cell walls can be analysed in their native state and new insights into the cellulose microfibril orientation of primary cell walls can be gained. The data shows that SAXS can serve as a valuable tool for the analysis of cellulose microfibril orientation in primary cell walls and, in consequence, add to the understanding of its mechanical behaviour and the intriguing mechanisms behind cell growth. BioMed Central 2014-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4137751/ /pubmed/25170343 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-10-25 Text en Copyright © 2014 Saxe et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Methodology
Saxe, Friederike
Eder, Michaela
Benecke, Gunthard
Aichmayer, Barbara
Fratzl, Peter
Burgert, Ingo
Rüggeberg, Markus
Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering
title Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering
title_full Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering
title_fullStr Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering
title_full_unstemmed Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering
title_short Measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle X-ray scattering
title_sort measuring the distribution of cellulose microfibril angles in primary cell walls by small angle x-ray scattering
topic Methodology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4137751/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170343
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-10-25
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