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Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Kafta Humera lowlands are endemic for kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis). These lowlands are characterized by black clay soil which is used for growing sesame, sorghum and cotton for commercial purposes. The aim of this study was to determine seasonal dynamics and habitat preferences of...

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Autores principales: Lemma, Wossenseged, Tekie, Habte, Balkew, Meshesha, Gebre-Michael, Teshome, Warburg, Alon, Hailu, Asrat
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4138398/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098264
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-359
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author Lemma, Wossenseged
Tekie, Habte
Balkew, Meshesha
Gebre-Michael, Teshome
Warburg, Alon
Hailu, Asrat
author_facet Lemma, Wossenseged
Tekie, Habte
Balkew, Meshesha
Gebre-Michael, Teshome
Warburg, Alon
Hailu, Asrat
author_sort Lemma, Wossenseged
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Kafta Humera lowlands are endemic for kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis). These lowlands are characterized by black clay soil which is used for growing sesame, sorghum and cotton for commercial purposes. The aim of this study was to determine seasonal dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of kala-azar, in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands. METHODS: CDC-light Trap [CDC-LT] and Sticky paper Trap [ST] were used to collect sand flies from different habitats before species identification by their morphological characteristics using appropriate keys. Data summarized and analyzed included: species, sex, density, habitats, type of trap used and date (month). RESULTS: A total of 389,207 sand flies using CDC-LT (n = 955) and ST (n = 5551) were collected from May 17, 2011 to June 6, 2012. The highest Mean Monthly Density (MMD) of P. orientalis trapped by CDC-LT was found in thickets of Acacia seyal in March (64.11 ± 75.87). The corresponding highest MMD of P. orientalis trapped by STs was found in April (58.69 ± 85.20) in agricultural field. No P. orientalis were caught in September using CDC traps and July-October using sticky traps. The overall MMD of P. orientalis trapped by CDC-LT was 15. 78 ± 28.93 (n = 320) in agricultural field, 19.37 ± 36.42 (n = 255) in thickets of A. seyal, and 3.81 ± 6.45 (n = 380) in dense mixed forest. Similar habitats in different localities did not show statistically significant difference for the MMD of P. orientalis trapped by CDC-LT (p = 0.117) and ST (p = 0.134). CONCLUSION: Agricultural fields and thickets of A. seyal habitats, which exhibit extensive soil cracks and fissures, as opposed to dense mixed forests, serve as preferred breeding sites for P. orientalis.
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spelling pubmed-41383982014-08-21 Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia Lemma, Wossenseged Tekie, Habte Balkew, Meshesha Gebre-Michael, Teshome Warburg, Alon Hailu, Asrat Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Kafta Humera lowlands are endemic for kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis). These lowlands are characterized by black clay soil which is used for growing sesame, sorghum and cotton for commercial purposes. The aim of this study was to determine seasonal dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of kala-azar, in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands. METHODS: CDC-light Trap [CDC-LT] and Sticky paper Trap [ST] were used to collect sand flies from different habitats before species identification by their morphological characteristics using appropriate keys. Data summarized and analyzed included: species, sex, density, habitats, type of trap used and date (month). RESULTS: A total of 389,207 sand flies using CDC-LT (n = 955) and ST (n = 5551) were collected from May 17, 2011 to June 6, 2012. The highest Mean Monthly Density (MMD) of P. orientalis trapped by CDC-LT was found in thickets of Acacia seyal in March (64.11 ± 75.87). The corresponding highest MMD of P. orientalis trapped by STs was found in April (58.69 ± 85.20) in agricultural field. No P. orientalis were caught in September using CDC traps and July-October using sticky traps. The overall MMD of P. orientalis trapped by CDC-LT was 15. 78 ± 28.93 (n = 320) in agricultural field, 19.37 ± 36.42 (n = 255) in thickets of A. seyal, and 3.81 ± 6.45 (n = 380) in dense mixed forest. Similar habitats in different localities did not show statistically significant difference for the MMD of P. orientalis trapped by CDC-LT (p = 0.117) and ST (p = 0.134). CONCLUSION: Agricultural fields and thickets of A. seyal habitats, which exhibit extensive soil cracks and fissures, as opposed to dense mixed forests, serve as preferred breeding sites for P. orientalis. BioMed Central 2014-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4138398/ /pubmed/25098264 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-359 Text en © Lemma et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Lemma, Wossenseged
Tekie, Habte
Balkew, Meshesha
Gebre-Michael, Teshome
Warburg, Alon
Hailu, Asrat
Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia
title Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia
title_full Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia
title_fullStr Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia
title_short Population dynamics and habitat preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta Humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in Northwest Ethiopia
title_sort population dynamics and habitat preferences of phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of kafta humera lowlands – kala azar endemic areas in northwest ethiopia
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4138398/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098264
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-359
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