HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit

Background. Hemodialysis is associated with increased risk of healthcare-associated infections but considered a low-risk setting for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. We investigated 3 hemodialysis unit (HDU) patients with new HIV infections to determine whether transmission was hemod...

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Autores principales: Mashragi, Faisal, Bernstein, Robert S., Al-Mazroa, Mohammad, Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A., Filemban, Sanaa, Assiri, Abdullah, Furukawa, Elaine, Al Hazmi, Mohammad, Alzahrani, Abdullah, Stephens, Gwen, Memish, Ziad A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24846636
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu373
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author Mashragi, Faisal
Bernstein, Robert S.
Al-Mazroa, Mohammad
Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.
Filemban, Sanaa
Assiri, Abdullah
Furukawa, Elaine
Al Hazmi, Mohammad
Alzahrani, Abdullah
Stephens, Gwen
Memish, Ziad A.
author_facet Mashragi, Faisal
Bernstein, Robert S.
Al-Mazroa, Mohammad
Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.
Filemban, Sanaa
Assiri, Abdullah
Furukawa, Elaine
Al Hazmi, Mohammad
Alzahrani, Abdullah
Stephens, Gwen
Memish, Ziad A.
author_sort Mashragi, Faisal
collection PubMed
description Background. Hemodialysis is associated with increased risk of healthcare-associated infections but considered a low-risk setting for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. We investigated 3 hemodialysis unit (HDU) patients with new HIV infections to determine whether transmission was hemodialysis-associated and to correct factors that contributed to transmission. Methods. Each patient was evaluated for HIV risk factors. Blood samples were tested to determine relatedness of HIV strains. Clinical data (gathered over 18 months) was reviewed to identify seroconversions at 12 HDUs. Infection prevention and control practices were evaluated at 14 HDUs. Findings. No other HIV seroconversions were identified during the study. HIV gag, pol, and env gene sequences were consistent with a clonal relationship. HIV and hepatitis C virus prevalence rates at one HDU 1 (5.7% and 6.5%, respectively) were higher than for 11 other HDUs (0% and 0.15%, respectively). Conclusions. Sequencing supports either patient-to-patient or common-source transmission. Infections occurred despite Saudi Arabia's low HIV prevalence and national dialysis policies that emphasize stringent infection prevention and control practices.
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spelling pubmed-41442642014-08-26 HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit Mashragi, Faisal Bernstein, Robert S. Al-Mazroa, Mohammad Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. Filemban, Sanaa Assiri, Abdullah Furukawa, Elaine Al Hazmi, Mohammad Alzahrani, Abdullah Stephens, Gwen Memish, Ziad A. Clin Infect Dis HIV/AIDS Background. Hemodialysis is associated with increased risk of healthcare-associated infections but considered a low-risk setting for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. We investigated 3 hemodialysis unit (HDU) patients with new HIV infections to determine whether transmission was hemodialysis-associated and to correct factors that contributed to transmission. Methods. Each patient was evaluated for HIV risk factors. Blood samples were tested to determine relatedness of HIV strains. Clinical data (gathered over 18 months) was reviewed to identify seroconversions at 12 HDUs. Infection prevention and control practices were evaluated at 14 HDUs. Findings. No other HIV seroconversions were identified during the study. HIV gag, pol, and env gene sequences were consistent with a clonal relationship. HIV and hepatitis C virus prevalence rates at one HDU 1 (5.7% and 6.5%, respectively) were higher than for 11 other HDUs (0% and 0.15%, respectively). Conclusions. Sequencing supports either patient-to-patient or common-source transmission. Infections occurred despite Saudi Arabia's low HIV prevalence and national dialysis policies that emphasize stringent infection prevention and control practices. Oxford University Press 2014-09-15 2014-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4144264/ /pubmed/24846636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu373 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
spellingShingle HIV/AIDS
Mashragi, Faisal
Bernstein, Robert S.
Al-Mazroa, Mohammad
Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.
Filemban, Sanaa
Assiri, Abdullah
Furukawa, Elaine
Al Hazmi, Mohammad
Alzahrani, Abdullah
Stephens, Gwen
Memish, Ziad A.
HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit
title HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit
title_full HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit
title_fullStr HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit
title_full_unstemmed HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit
title_short HIV Transmission at a Saudi Arabia Hemodialysis Unit
title_sort hiv transmission at a saudi arabia hemodialysis unit
topic HIV/AIDS
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24846636
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu373
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